基于非本地物种毒性数据推导出的水质基准可为本地物种提供适当保护吗？

基于非本地物种的毒性数据推导出的水质基准一直存在争议,质疑者提出应有针对不同生物区系的水质基准。而这个问题在中国尤为突出。本文作者搜集了38种污染物对本地物种和非本地物种的毒性数据,比较了这些生物的HC₅和物种敏感度分布,结果显示,基于非本地物种推导的水质基准有74%的确定性可以有效保护中国的水生态系统。如果采用评价因子(AF=5)来校正基准,那么可以获得90%的确定性。
精选自Xiaowei Jin, Zijian Wang, Yeyao Wang, Yibing Lv, Kaifeng Rao, Wei Jin, John P. Giesy and Kenneth M. Y. Leung. Do water quality criteria based on nonnative species provide appropriate protection for native species? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 8, pages 1744–1750, August 2015. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2985
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2985/full     

淮河流域安徽段水体成组生物毒性评价

在淮河流域安徽段某区域采集了3个地表水样和12个地下水样,通过大型溞急性毒性(活动抑制)、微核及SOS/umu试验,分析了这些水样的急性毒性及遗传毒性。结果表明,急性毒性测试中,该区域地表水及大部分地下水的急性毒性均未超过US EPA废水排放毒性的控制要求(0.3 TU),有2个位点的地下水样毒性当量为0.31 TU,超过限值;经t-test分析,地表水的急性毒性显著高于地下水。SOS/umu检测中,2个地表水样和7个地下水样的结果呈阳性,表现出DNA损伤效应,其诱导率IR在(2.20±0.063)~(3.36±0.067)之间,对应的致癌风险P基本处在10-6~10-7水平。微核检测结果表明,3个地表水样具有较严重的染色体损伤效应,9个地下水样表现为阴性。总之,该区域地表水急性毒性及遗传毒性相对较高;部分浅层地下水也存在一定程度的急性毒性和遗传毒性,致癌风险处在可接受范围,但仍可能对周围居民的健康产生潜在威胁;而深层地下水没有检测到任何毒性效应。研究为周边居民饮水安全和人体健康提供了基础信息。     

太浦河流域锑污染环境风险评估

以太浦河流域为研究对象,从环境风险发生机理入手,分析流域内各环境风险要素之间互相影响及作用机制,基于环境风险受体、锑污染源和流域水文特征三方面构建环境风险评估体系,分析不同情景条件下流域发生锑污染的环境风险,并根据断面水质控制目标核算不同流量条件下流域的环境容量,为流域突发性水污染事件的应急响应和风险防范管理提供决策依据。     

中国战略环评与项目环评联动机制研究

战略环评着眼于政策、规划的实施可能带来的环境影响,项目环评主要解决项目实施可能带来的环境影响,而战略环评与项目环评均是环评体系不可或缺的部分,建立两者之间的联动机制,有利于环评体系成为一个完整而和谐的体系.首先分析国内外战略环评与项目环评联动机制的研究现状,识别影响中国战略环评与项目环评联动的因素,其次建立中国战略环评与项目环评联动机制框架,最后提出完善战略环评与项目环评联动机制的对策.     

COD在线监测仪器比对监测采样误差分析研究

化学需氧量(COD)和悬浮物(SS)是衡量污水对外界环境的污染程度的重要指标.化学需氧量是指在强酸并加热条件下,用重铬酸钾作为氧化剂处理水样时所消耗氧化剂的量.悬浮物即"不可滤残渣"是指将水过滤后留在过滤材料上的物质.针对引起比对分析监测结果中采样环节误差的原因,从理化概念入手,分析了环境样品随沉降时间不同引起的CODcr值的变化,以及CODcr值与SS值的相关性,并提出了相应的对策.以提高COD在线监测结果的科学性、可靠性,使其更好地发挥COD在线监测仪在环境管理中的作用,为污染减排和污染物总量控制工作提供准确、科学的技术支持.     

城市烂尾楼建筑废弃物的二次有效利用研究

城市烂尾楼拆除有助于提升城市总体形象,但拆除后的建筑废弃物又会对城市环境造成严重的污染,为此提出一种针对烂尾楼建筑废弃物有效处理及二次利用的方法研究.基于循环经济理论及废弃物破损理论,设计了一种建筑废弃物再生利用工艺方法,利用建筑废弃物再生设备将废弃物破碎后再进行筛分处理,详尽分析了影响废弃物再生的各项工艺因素,提高废弃物再生骨料的性能,实现对烂尾楼建筑废弃物的二次有效利用.结果表明,提出的方法研究性能稳定、可靠、可以降低烂尾楼拆除成本,具有一定的推广价值.     

环境标准实际执行中的存在问题

从规范环境管理和环境执法出发，结合其实际执行过程使用环境标准存在的问题作了简单归纳，并提出初步建议。     

活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中的应用

本文简述了含碳吸附型防护服的发展历程,具体阐述了活性炭纤维的主要特性以及作为吸附材料的防护机理,最后介绍了国内外活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中研究和应用的情况。     

Effects of phosphorus sources on volatile organic compound emissions from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis flos</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">aquae</Emphasis> and their toxic effects on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</Emphasis>

There is diverse phosphorus (P) in eutrophicated waters, but it is considered as a crucial nutrient for cyanobacteria growth due to its easy precipitation as insoluble salts. To uncover the effects of complex P nutrients on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria and their toxic effects on other algae, the VOCs from Microcystis flos-aquae supplied with different types and amount of P nutrients were analyzed, and the effects of VOCs and their two main compounds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated. When M. flos-aquae cells were supplied with K₂HPO₄, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate as the sole P source, 27, 23 and 29 compounds were found, respectively, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and esters. With K₂HPO₄ as the sole P source, the VOC emission increased with reducing P amount, and the maximum emission was found under Non-P condition. In the treatments of M. flos-aquae VOCs under Non-P condition and two main terpenoids (eucalyptol and limonene) in the VOCs, remarkable decreases were found in C. reinhardtii cell growth, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic abilities. Therefore, we deduce that multiple P nutrients in eutrophicated waters induce different VOC emissions from cyanobacteria, and P amount reduction caused by natural precipitation and algal massive growth results in more VOC emissions. These VOCs play toxic roles in cyanobacteria becoming dominant species, and eucalyptol and limonene are two toxic agents.     

Fabrication and photocatalytic ability of an Au/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite

A new type of Au/TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite was fabricated by the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO₂ on graphene oxide followed by the photodeposition of Au nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that Au nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface of both TiO₂ and RGO. Au/TiO₂/RGO had a better photocatalytic activity than Au/ TiO₂ for the degradation of phenol. Electrochemical measurements indicated that Au/TiO₂/RGO had an improved charge transfer capability. Meanwhile, chemiluminescent analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that Au/TiO₂/RGO displayed high production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalytic process. This high photocatalytic performance was achieved via the addition of RGO in Au/TiO₂/RGO, where RGO served not only as a catalyst support to provide more sites for the deposition of Au nanoparticles but also as a collector to accept electrons from TiO₂ to effectively reduce photogenerated charge recombination.

Open image in new window