北京市典型城区餐饮业VOCs和PM2.5排放量估算

以北京市餐饮企业分布密度最大的西城区为案例区,通过对研究区域内餐饮企业进行实地污染物检测及排放活动水平调查,计算得到基于就餐人数、就餐时间、烹饪油用量和灶头数4种核算基准的餐饮业VOCs和PM_2.5排放因子,并利用排放因子法分别估算该区域在餐饮废气净化设备升级改造前后餐饮企业VOCs和PM_2.5年排放量.结果表明：本研究区域餐饮业废气净化设备升级改造前VOCs排放量范围为319.03~506.38t/a,改造后为92.14~109.89t/a;改造前PM_2.5排放量范围为166.55~211.09t/a,改造后为30.22~36.05t/a,排放量明显减少.餐饮业废气净化设备改造后VOCs和PM_2.5减排率分别为71%~82%和80%~86%,餐饮业废气净化设备升级改造减排效果良好.计算得到以街道为单元的餐饮源VOCs和PM_2.5排放强度范围分别为1.45~4.32t/km²和0.47~1.42t/km².通过PM_2.5实测浓度（小时值）数据分析,餐饮业废气净化设备升级改造前、后PM_2.5浓度平均减少了28.9%,最接近于用油量为核算基准的排放因子降低比例.     

改良生物滞留系统强化对雨水径流中氮磷的去除

传统生物滞留池对N、P去除效果较差且不稳定,甚至会出现N、P的负去除现象.文章采用改良复合填料,结合双层填料和滤池饱和区组合设置,构建了4组模拟生物滞留实验柱,分别加入传统填料(C1)和改良复合填料(C2、C3、C4),并设置滤池饱和区的组合式排水系统以强化脱氮除磷效果.利用半合成模拟雨水作为实验进水对出水中氮磷的去除效率进行了评价和比较.此外,还评价了介质深度、干旱期对生物滞留柱中磷的截留和反硝化酶活性的影响.填充C2的实验柱对总磷的去除效果最佳(93.70％);填充C1的实验柱对总磷的去除效果较差(57.36％);填充C3的实验柱去除硝酸盐和总氮的性能最佳(分别为83.54％和92.15％).结果 表明,通过改良填料羟基铝蛭石污泥、双层填料和滤池饱和区组合设置,可以有效地改善径流水质,并可为高效雨水处理提供新的生物滞留池配置方法.     

城市生活垃圾资源化利用途径的探讨

主要介绍了我国生活垃圾处理现状及存在的问题.根据城市垃圾处理技术发展趋势,探讨了我国城市垃圾资源化的发展方向,并提出了加快垃圾资源化的对策与措施.     

Algal biomass valorization for biofuel production and carbon sequestration: a review

The world is experiencing an energy crisis and environmental issues due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the continuous increase in carbon dioxide concentrations. Microalgal biofuels are produced using sunlight, water, and simple salt minerals. Their high growth rate, photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide sequestration capacity make them one of the most important biorefinery platforms. Furthermore, microalgae's ability to alter their metabolism in response to environmental stresses to produce relatively high levels of high-value compounds makes them a promising alternative to fossil fuels. As a result, microalgae can significantly contribute to long-term solutions to critical global issues such as the energy crisis and climate change. The environmental benefits of algal biofuel have been demonstrated by significant reductions in carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxide emissions. Microalgae-derived biomass has the potential to generate a wide range of commercially important high-value compounds, novel materials, and feedstock for a variety of industries, including cosmetics, food, and feed. This review evaluates the potential of using microalgal biomass to produce a variety of bioenergy carriers, including biodiesel from stored lipids, alcohols from reserved carbohydrate fermentation, and hydrogen, syngas, methane, biochar and bio-oils via anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Furthermore, the potential use of microalgal biomass in carbon sequestration routes as an atmospheric carbon removal approach is being evaluated. The cost of algal biofuel production is primarily determined by culturing (77%), harvesting (12%), and lipid extraction (7.9%). As a result, the choice of microalgal species and cultivation mode (autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic) are important factors in controlling biomass and bioenergy production, as well as fuel properties. The simultaneous production of microalgal biomass in agricultural, municipal, or industrial wastewater is a low-cost option that could significantly reduce economic and environmental costs while also providing a valuable remediation service. Microalgae have also been proposed as a viable candidate for carbon dioxide capture from the atmosphere or an industrial point source. Microalgae can sequester 1.3 kg of carbon dioxide to produce 1 kg of biomass. Using potent microalgal strains in efficient design bioreactors for carbon dioxide sequestration is thus a challenge. Microalgae can theoretically use up to 9% of light energy to capture and convert 513 tons of carbon dioxide into 280 tons of dry biomass per hectare per year in open and closed cultures. Using an integrated microalgal bio-refinery to recover high-value-added products could reduce waste and create efficient biomass processing into bioenergy. To design an efficient atmospheric carbon removal system, algal biomass cultivation should be coupled with thermochemical technologies, such as pyrolysis.

     

Methanol fuel production,utilization, and techno-economy: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change and the unsustainability of fossil fuels are calling for cleaner energies such as methanol as a fuel. Methanol is one of the simplest molecules for...     

Immune responses,DNA damage and ultrastructural alterations of gills in the marine mussel Lithophaga lithophaga exposed to CuO nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanoparticle (NP) pollution is a worldwide problem. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are one of the most used NPs in a variety of applications,...     

Experimental study on fresh,mechanical properties and embodied carbon of concrete blended with sugarcane bagasse ash,metakaolin, and millet husk ash as ternary cementitious material

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, the research direction is shifted toward introducing new supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in lieu of in place of Portland...     

危化品事故情景推演网络构建及关键节点分析*

为有效应对危化品事故发生与演变时存在的动态性及不确定性问题,基于事故演变过程中的关键情景状态及对应孕灾环境、应急活动和处置目标等要素,引入动态贝叶斯网络方法,构建危化品事故情景推演网络,并结合复杂网络知识,对孕灾环境和应急活动2类事故影响因素节点进行敏感性和重要度分析。结果表明:情景推演网络计算的情景节点概率符合事故发生的实际情况,能够对危化品事故在不同孕灾环境和应急救援下的演变路径进行推演,并且分析得到燃烧物、消防力量、火场环境和建筑密度等关键影响因素节点,研究结果可为事故处理提供应急辅助决策支持。