广州市臭氧污染溯源:基于拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型的案例分析

分析了2018年10月初广州市一次为期6d的臭氧污染事件,利用拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型对广州市的臭氧污染进行了溯源分析,量化了不同区域对臭氧污染的贡献,评估了重点排放区域不同行业和不同前体物减排对臭氧污染控制的效果.结果 表明,本次污染事件期间,日最大8h臭氧均值均超过160 μg·m-3,最高达271 μg·m-3,氮...     

pH值和离子对诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上吸附特征的影响

根据OECD Guideline 106批平衡实验,研究了pH值、Ca2+浓度和离子类型对诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上吸附特征的影响.结果表明,吸附系数(Kd)随着pH值的增大有先增加后减小的趋势,在pH 4.0和pH 6.0时吸附系数较大.红外光谱表明,pH 3.0有利于诺氟沙星和胡敏酸形成氢键; pH6.0和7.0时胡敏酸的羧基可能与诺氟沙星的氨基形成了肽键.诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附量和Kd值随着溶液中Ca2+离子浓度的增加而逐渐减小,表明两者之间存在阳离子吸附和竞争吸附.不同类型的阳离子和阴离子的加入都能导致诺氟沙星在胡敏酸的吸附特性存在差异.阳离子的影响趋势主要为价态的影响,即价态越高,在胡敏酸表面吸附位点的吸附能力就越强,对诺氟沙星吸附阻碍作用越显著,表现在诺氟沙星的最大吸附量(Qm)为:M+ (Na+、K+、NH4+) >M2+ (Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+);其次受阳离子的离子半径和水解作用的影响.而只有能水解的阴离子才能对诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附产生明显的阻碍作用.     

煤基腐殖酸对外源砷胁迫下玉米生长及生理性状的影响简

为了筛选用于砷污染土壤治理的煤基腐殖酸,采用盆栽实验研究了施用不同种类和浓度的煤基腐殖酸及EDTA对外源砷胁迫下玉米株高、株鲜重、株干重、根干重、砷积累量、叶片抗氧化酶（POD,SOD和CAT）活性和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,11种供试煤基腐殖酸均促进了玉米生长,提高了叶片POD、SOD和CAT活性。其中6和10号腐殖酸可降低土壤砷活性和显著抑制玉米吸收和积累砷,而8和9号腐殖酸增加了土壤活性砷和显著促进了玉米对砷的吸收和累积,且不同程度地强于EDTA。除8和9号外,其余腐殖酸均可明显降低玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量。EDTA可显著促进玉米吸收和积累砷,且加剧了砷对玉米的危害。因此,8和9号供试煤基腐殖酸可以替代EDTA活化土壤砷,与植物配合以提高砷污染土壤的植物修复速度和效果,而6和10号供试煤基腐殖酸则可用于土壤砷钝化剂,以保证作物产品的安全。     

长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率评价及时空差异研究

在水资源约束趋紧的背景下,选取长江三角洲城市群中26个城市2005~2014年的面板数据,运用SBM模型对工业用水效率进行测算,并基于可分解的泰尔指数分析长江三角洲城市群内部工业用水效率的空间差异。结果显示：（1）长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率水平整体偏低,在不考虑与考虑非期望产出的情况下,工业用水效率10a平均值分别为 0.591 8.和 0.519 7;（2）工业用水效率的地区内部差异是造成总差异的主要部分,并且有随时间递增的趋势,其中安徽省对于地区内部差异的贡献率最大,其次为浙江省,江苏省贡献率最低;（3）江苏省各城市工业用水效率虽然差异不大但整体水平较低,而上海市工业用水效率较高并处于稳步上升状态。因此,缩小地区内部差异是实现长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率整体上升的重要途径。     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH4^＋-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time （HRT） of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% （in term of Chl-α） of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH4^＋-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

The permeability of dredged material-bentonite backfills

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Extensive attention has been paid to the treatment and disposal of dredged material, and there is a need to clarify the feasibility of recycling...     

Microplastic pollution in freshwater systems in Southeast Asia: contamination levels,sources, and ecological impacts

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plastics are synthetic polymers known for their outstanding durability and versatility, and have replaced traditional materials in many applications....     

Association of exposure to multiple metals with papillary thyroid cancer risk in China

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has inflicted huge threats to the health of mankind. Metal pollution could be a potential risk factor of PTC occurrence, but existing relevant epidemiological researches are limited. The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the relationships between exposure to multiple metals and the risk of PTC. A total of 262 histologically confirmed PTC cases were recruited. Age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled at the same time. Urine samples were used as biomarkers to reflect the levels of environmental exposure to 13 metals. Conditional logistic regression models were adopted to assess the potential association. Single-metal and multi-metal models were separately conducted to evaluate the impacts of single and co-exposure to 13 metals. The increased concentration of urinary Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb quartiles was found significant correlated with PTC risk. We also found the decreased trends of urinary Se, Zn, and Mn quartiles with the ORs for PTC. These dose-response associations between Pb and PTC were observed in the single-metal model and remained significant in the multi-metal model (OR_25-50th=1.39, OR_50-75th=3.32, OR_>75th=7.62, p for trend <0.001). Our study suggested that PTC was positively associated with urinary levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and inversely associated with Se, Zn, and Mn. Targeted public health policies should be made to improve the environment and the recognition of potential risk factors. These findings need additional studies to confirm in other population.