Maßnahmen zur Dioxinminderung an Müllverbrennungsanlagen

The 17th BlmSchV fixed the emission limit of 0.1 ng TE/m_n ³ for PCDD/F’s produced as a result of waste- and special waste incinerators. This article introduces the different measures implemented to uphold this limit, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Methods of optimising the incineration conditions are among the primary measures. Different geometry’s for conventional oven incineration rooms were discussed, and an effective modernisation method was introduced (Temelli nozzles). The chemical and technical basis of an often discussed gasification method, as well as the characteristics of three specialised techniques (Coke Burn technique, Thermo-Select technique and Noell-DBI technique) are explained in this article. Alongside the secondary measures of hot-dust filtration and inhibition being added to the washers in an attempt to achieve PCDD/F adsorption. The most important tertiary measures, namely the SCR technique, along with a variety of coke adsorption techniques are introduced, with their advantages and disadvantages. New techniques such as DeDioxin and Medisorbon are also addressed.     

Rural women and agrotourism in the context of sustainable rural development: A case study from Turkey

As in many developing countries also in Turkey, agriculture is on the center of rural development and rural women are on the center of agriculture. Although they are main part as a major labor force at every stage of agricultural activity and undertake responsibilities such as domestic task and childcare, women do not profit from social and economic benefits proportionate to the responsibilities they have undertaken. Agrotourism is an alternative activity in the rural development process, which combines agriculture and tourism, improves natural resources, contributes the rural area socially and economically. The aim of this study is to examine the participation conditions of rural women to the agrotourism activities, which is considered as an option in the context of sustainable rural development, and to identify the possible social and economic implications of agrotourism on the rural women’s life, after determining the situation and importance of rural women in the agricultural activity. This research was carried out in three villages of Kalecik district of Ankara and data gathered from group meetings and surveys.     

Trinkwasserschutzgebiete

Conflict are frequently observed when drinking water protection areas are to be defined and when many variants of how to protect these area are to be found. Using ten potential scenarios, a method is presented here which shows how such conflicts concerning these variants may be handled in a systematic manner. The technique is derived from the use of partially ordered sets and their visualization by Hasse diagrams. The first step is to define rankings of different variants according to each aim of protection. A further step is to define an appropriate relationship of order. It is then possible to visualize the extent of consensus and of dissension through the use of a Hasse diagram. The final step is to quantify the importance of each protection aim and the initialization of an iteration. Should a complete consensus be found, this would result in a chain of (connected) variants. Should a complete dissension be found on the other hand, an antichain would then result (i.e. where all variants are isolated).     

pH effect on the susceptibility to parasitoid infection in the marine diatom Coscinodiscus spp. (Bacillariophyceae)

The pH on the frustule of individual cells of the marine centric diatoms Coscinodiscus granii and Coscinodiscus wailesii (Bacillariophyceae) was measured with pH microsensors in culture media with increasing pH values of 8.04, 8.14, and 8.22, respectively. In 85–96% of the C. granii cells the pH on the frustule was up to 0.4 units higher than that of the medium, reaching a maximum pH 8.95. Only in 2–3% the surface pH exceeded that of the medium by up to 0.7 pH units. These results strongly suggest that diatoms in batch cultures differ, at least temporarily, in their individual photosynthetic activities. Infection experiments with the parasitoid nanoflagellate Pirsonia diadema (Stramenopile) showed that flagellates failed to infect when the culture pH was 8.8 and above. pH measurements on freshly infected C. granii showed that the prevalence of infection was higher in tendency on diatoms with low surface pH. Application of these results to parasitoid-diatom interactions in natural waters suggests that within phytoplankton populations a strong photosynthetic activity might prevent diatom cells temporarily from infection by pH-sensitive parasitoids.     

Kenntnisdefizite bei Stoffeigenschaften und ihre Folgen

The data situation to chemical substances is unsatisfactory— in spite of in part considerable efforts in the last decades. One knows still very little on the subject of the dangerous characteristics of chemical substances. The consequences of this ignorance have primarily the employees to carry. They get sick due to a dealing with substances whose characteristics were not completely enlightened. But as well the enterprises have to suffer under it, after all, lose her experienced staff member and have to pay the costs about the Berufsgenossenschaften for these knowledge deficits. In the EU, the future European chemical policy is therefore discussed. The contribution explains the range of the sicknesses through dealing with substances with unknown characteristics.