Landform Classification for Land Use Planning in Developed Areas: An Example in Segovia Province (Central Spain)

Landform-based physiographic maps, also called land systems inventories, have been widely and successfully used in undeveloped/rural areas in several locations, such as Australia, the western United States, Canada, and the British ex-colonies. This paper presents a case study of their application in a developed semi-urban/suburban area (Segovia, Spain) for land use planning purposes. The paper focuses in the information transfer process, showing how land use decision-makers, such as governments, planners, town managers, etc., can use the information developed from these maps to assist them. The paper also addresses several issues important to the development and use of this information, such as the goals of modern physiography, the types of landform-based mapping products, the problem of data management in developed areas, and the distinctions among data, interpretations, and decisions.     

Application of Multiattribute Decision-Making Methods for the Determination of Relative Significance Factor of Impact Categories

A relative significance factor (f _i ) of an impact category is the external weight of the impact category. The objective of this study is to propose a systematic and easy-to-use method for the determination of f _i . Multiattribute decision-making (MADM) methods including the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the rank-order centroid method, and the fuzzy method were evaluated for this purpose. The results and practical aspects of using the three methods are compared. Each method shows the same trend, with minor differences in the value of f _i . Thus, all three methods can be applied to the determination of f _i . The rank order centroid method reduces the number of pairwise comparisons by placing the alternatives in order, although it has inherent weakness over the fuzzy method in expressing the degree of vagueness associated with assigning weights to criteria and alternatives. The rank order centroid method is considered a practical method for the determination of f _i because it is easier and simpler to use compared to the AHP and the fuzzy method.     

Exposure of workers in mineral processing industries in Brazil

The mining, milling and processing of uranium and thorium bearing minerals may result in radiation doses to workers. A preliminary survey pilot program, that included six mines in Brazil (two coal mines, one niobium mine, one nickel mine, one gold mine and one phosphate mine), was launched in order to determine the need to control the radioactive exposure of the mine-workers. Our survey consisted of the collection and analysis of urine samples, complemented by feces and air samples. The concentrations of uranium, thorium and polonium were measured in these samples and compared to background data from family members of the workers living in the same dwelling and from residents from the general population of Rio de Janeiro. The results from the coal mines indicated that the inhalation of radon progeny may be a source of occupational exposure. The workers from the nickel, gold and phosphate mines that were visited do not require a program to control internal radiological doses. The niobium mine results showed that in some areas of the industry exposure to thorium and uranium might occur.     

输变电项目环评存在问题分析及对策建议

列举了国家环保总局环境工程评估中心在输变电项目环境影响技术评估中遇到的一些技术和管理上亟待解决的问题,在对其分析的基础上,提出相应的对策建议.     

关于水处理工艺中摇蚊幼虫杀灭方法的探讨

摇蚊幼虫是城市给水处理中出现的新问题,对目前现有的研究方法进行了简要的综述.介绍了摇蚊幼虫的生活习性及出现的原因,并在此基础上阐述了现在采用的化学灭杀方法、物理灭杀方法及生物法对净水工艺中摇蚊幼虫的防治,对进一步研究提出建议.     

Assessment of heavy metals in the particulate matter of two Brazilian metropolitan areas by using <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Tillandsia usneoides</Emphasis> as atmospheric biomonitor

Purpose  

The aims of this paper were to quantify the heavy metals (HM) in the air of different sites in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Salvador (SA) using Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae) as a biomonitor, and to study the morphology and elemental composition of the air particulate matter (PM) retained on the Tillandsia surface.     

The possible origin of Zostera noltii in the Canary Islands and guidelines for restoration

Seagrasses and their habitat are declining worldwide. Zostera noltii in the Canary Islands has been drastically reduced, mainly by anthropogenic disturbance, to three small surviving patches in a single harbor in Lanzarote. A previous genetic study, using neutral microsatellite markers, revealed that these patches consist of a single clonal individual. Here, an assignment test, using microsatellite data, was used to locate the most likely population of origin from a set of possible donor populations. Our results show that the Moulay Bousselham population in northern Morocco is assigned as the most likely population of origin (88%), although the probability of being at one generation time distance is low (2.7%). This result, however, allows locating the most closely related stands that may be the most successful donor populations for future restoration based on shoot or seed transplantation.     

Effect of light supply on CO2 capture from atmosphere by Chlorella vulgaris and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the primary greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Consequently, emission reduction technologies will be needed to reduce CO₂ atmospheric concentration. Microalgae may have an important role in this context. They are photosynthetic microorganisms that are able to fix atmospheric CO₂ using solar energy with efficiency ten times higher than terrestrial plants. The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyse the effect of light supply on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; (ii) to assess the atmospheric CO₂ capture by these microalgae; and (iii) to determine the parameters of the Monod model that describe the influence of irradiance on the growth of the selected microalgae. Both microalgae presented higher growth rates with high irradiance values and discontinuous light supply. The continuous supply of light at the highest irradiance value was not beneficial for C. vulgaris due to photooxidation. Additionally, C. vulgaris achieved the highest CO₂ fixation rate with the value of 0.305 g-CO₂ L^?1 d^?1. The parameters of the Monod model demonstrated that C. vulgaris can achieve higher specific growth rates (and higher CO₂ fixation rates) if cultivated under higher irradiances than the studied values. The presented results showed that microalgal culture is a promising strategy for CO₂ capture from atmosphere.     

毕节喀斯特石漠化治理生态农业模式构建

喀斯特石漠化已成为岩溶山区生态建设和社会经济可持续发展的重大障碍，受到各级政府、专家学者的高度重视和广泛关注。以贵州省毕节市老街村喀斯特石漠化土地利用为例，采用实地调查的方法获取研究数据，分析了研究区石漠化土地利用存在问题。在此基础上，遵循石漠化治理与产业化相结合原则、市场导向原则、替代产业培育原则、适地适种原则等喀斯特石漠化治理的一般原则；优化土地利用格局，设计由坡地保土耕作、桑草养殖、桑药种植、乡土廊道树篱、封山育林多种技术措施配套集成的综合治理方案，并通过与农村能源建设结合，构建桑草药粮种植＋蚕猪养殖＋沼气的生态农业发展模式，探索喀斯特石漠化区生态修复的有效途径。