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排序方式: 共有157条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Christopher L. Owen Charles G. Messing Greg W. Rouse Mahmood S. Shivji 《Marine Biology》2009,156(8):1517-1529
Phanogenia gracilis sensu lato is a shallow-water crinoid distributed throughout the Indo-western Pacific. The taxonomy of P. gracilis s.l. is clouded by the presence of two distinct morphotypes, each differing in morphology and ecology. The goal was to determine
the taxonomic status of P. gracilis s.l. using partial gene sequences of two mitochondrial DNA genes, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit
II, in conjunction with morphological and ecological data. The molecular phylogenies revealed three lineages separated by
5.0–6.6% corrected genetic distance, which is consistent with the genetic distances among other echinoderm species. Neither
morphotype was monophyletic, nor was any examined morphological character exclusive to any one lineage. Discriminant function
analysis (DFA) of the morphological and ecological data yielded significant results when grouping P. gracilis by morphotype and by clades recovered in the phylogenetic analyses, but grouping by sample locality was rejected. Although
DFA results of grouping by clade were significant, jackknife support was weak, while only correctly grouping specimens by
their respective clades 65% of the time. The results suggest the possibility of cryptic species, but additional molecular
and morphological data are needed to confirm this. This study demonstrates the need to reevaluate the taxonomy of crinoid
species and their respective diagnostic characters. 相似文献
52.
Developing the first halophytic turfgrasses for the urban landscape from native Arabian desert grass
Zamin Muhammad Fahad Shah Khattak Abdul Mateen Adnan Muhammad Wahid Fazli Raza Ahmad Wang Depeng Saud Shah Noor Muhammad Bakhat Hafiz Faiq Mubeen Muhammad Hammad Hafiz Mohkum Soliman Mona. H. Elkelish Amr A. Riaz Muhammad Nasim Wajid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39702-39716
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Climate change is occurring and is influencing biological systems through augmented temperatures, more inconstant precipitation, and rising CO2 in the... 相似文献
53.
54.
Ikhtiar ud Din Audil Rashid Tariq Mahmood Azeem Khalid 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8685-8694
Urbanization can increase the vulnerability of soils to various types of contamination. Increased contamination of urban soils with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) could relate to increased number of petrol pump stations and mechanical workshops—a phenomenon that needs to be constantly monitored. This study was undertaken to explore the soil PAH levels in Rawalpindi and Islamabad urban areas in relation to land use activities. Composite soil samples from petrol pump stations and mechanical workshops (n?=?32) areas were evaluated for five PAHs––naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene—and compared with control area locations with minimum petroleum-related activity (n?=?16). Surface samples up to 3 cm depth were collected and extraction of analytes was carried out using n-hexane and dichloromethane. Prior to running the samples, standards (100 μg ml–1) were run on HPLC to optimize signal to noise ratio using acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.25 ml/min at 40 °C. Significant differences between petrol pump stations and mechanical workshop areas were observed for individual PAH as well as with control area soil samples. Naphthalene was found to be the most abundant PAH in soil, ranging from 2.47 to 24.36 mg kg–1. Correlation between the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) level in soil and the total PAH concentration (r?=?0.82, P?<?0.0001) revealed that BaP can be used as a potential marker for PAH pollution. A clear segregation between petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of contamination was observed when low molecular weight PAHs detected in soil was plotted against high molecular weight PAHs. The former source comprised lubricants and used engine oil found at mechanical workshops, whereas the latter could be mostly attributed to vehicular emission at petrol pumps. The results indicate that PAH contamination in urban areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad has direct relevance with land use for petroleum activity. We conclude that in order to reduce the soil PAH exposure in urban environment, petrol pumps and mechanical workshops must be shifted to less densely populated areas because of their role as important point sources for PAH emission. 相似文献
55.
Alimahmoodi M Mulligan CN 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(1):95-103
The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)--the most dominant component of greenhouse gases--in the atmosphere has been of growing concern for many years. Many methods focus on CO2 capture and storage and there is always the risk of CO2 release to the environment. In this study, a new method to convert CO2 to biogas with a high content of methane (CH4) in an anaerobic system with a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor at 35 degrees C was developed. In a series of experiments, the reactor was run with and without CO2-saturated solutions including volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as sources of hydrogen. The concentration of dissolved CO2 in the influent solutions was 2.2-6.1 g/L, with corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of 2.6-8.4 g/L for the solutions. Overall CO2 removal values of 2.7-20 g/day (49-88% conversion) were obtained for the organic loading rates (OLR) and CO2 loading rates of 8-36 gCOD/L day and 6-26 gCO2/L x day, respectively with CH4 purity of above 70%. Also, VFA and COD removal were in the range of 79-95% and 75-90%, respectively. Methanogenic activities of the cultures with the concentrations measured as volatile suspended solids (VSSs) were 0.12-0.40 L CH4/gVSS x d with the highest value for the system containing acetic acid. This anaerobic method can be applied to reduce CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from a wide variety of industrial point sources with a value-added product, CH4. 相似文献
56.
The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
57.
Ricardo C. Garla Demian D. Chapman Bradley M. Wetherbee Mahmood Shivji 《Marine Biology》2006,149(2):189-199
The movement patterns and long-term site-fidelity of primarily juvenile Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, were investigated using tag-recapture and automated telemetry at an insular nursery area, the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Of the 143 externally tagged juvenile sharks (<110 cm), 22 (15.3%) were recaptured between 0 and 5 km from the site of tagging after 5–800 days at liberty, suggesting some site-fidelity in young individuals of this species. Site-fidelity and movement patterns of ten juvenile sharks ranging from 78 to 110 cm total length (TL) and one opportunistically captured adult female (224 cm TL) were also investigated for periods of up to 2 years with an array of automated telemetry receivers. Tagging and telemetry data from both inside and outside a marine protected area (MPA) show that shark abundance and activity is greatest along the part of the archipelago’s coastline least disturbed by human activity. Telemetry tracking also showed that juvenile reef sharks demonstrated a high degree of site-fidelity and occupied specific locations along the coast throughout the year, with some evidence of an increase in activity space with ontogeny. Sharks appeared to range more widely at night and there were no seasonal variations in habitat use. Our results suggest that MPAs may be a useful conservation tool to protect young C. perezi and potentially other reef-dwelling carcharhinid sharks during their early life history. 相似文献
58.
Saulat Hammad Khan Muhammad Masood Aslam Muhammad Chawla Muhammad Rafiq Sikander Zafar Faisal Khan Muhammad Mahmood Bokhari Awais Jamil Farrukh Bhutto Abdul Waheed Bazmi Aqeel Ahmed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34051-34073
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy is an essential parameter for the economic growth and sustainable development of any country. Due to the rapid increase in energy demand,... 相似文献
59.
Surface air concentrations of 7Be at a number of stations in Oceania show a distinct annual cycle. We apply a sinusoidal model to describe this cycle. The results show that peak 7Be concentrations in surface air occur during early spring at tropical latitudes and during mid-to-late summer at middle latitudes. Comparison with available 90Sr surface air data for the southern hemisphere indicates that stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange is an active atmospheric process controlling the 7Be annual cycle throughout the Oceania region. Vertical transport of air within the troposphere also seems to influence the observed annual cycle. Seasonality in rainfall is not thought to control the annual cyclic behaviour of 7Be in surface air. 相似文献
60.
Riaz Umair Murtaza Ghulam Saifullah Farooq Muhammad Aziz Humera Qadir Ayesha Abdul Mehdi Shahzada Munawar Qazi Muhammad Akram 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39742-39752
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the developing world, rapid urbanization and industrialization produces an enormous volume of wastes daily. This study was aimed to explore the... 相似文献