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131.
During the egg-laying process, oviductal fluid was collected using a non-invasive procedure from the cloacal vent of the green turtles. Forty-two independent isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from 11 genera were obtained from 20 turtles during nesting. The dominant isolate was Citrobacter (52.4%), followed by Pseudomonas, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Edwardsiella, Morganella, Providencia and Arcomobacter. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Ampicillin-resistant isolates showed variations in their resistance for the following classes of β-lactamases: extended-spectrum β-lactamases (EBSLs), AmpC type β-lactamases C (AmpC), and screen-positive β-lactamase. None of the isolates produced metallo β-lactamase. Some ampicillin-resistant genes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only. Inhibitor based test (IBT) categorized some isolates as AmpC β-lactamase producers. β-Lactamase genes were detected from a few strains. The sequencing of those genes revealed the presence of cephamycinase (CMY) and AmpC β-lactamases. The oviductal fluid was used in this study as a source of bacterial antibiotic-resistant determinants for biomonitoring marine turtles exposed to contaminated effluents. This data can be of value in understanding the decline of this endangered species as a result of exposure to marine pollution which is threatening their survival. 相似文献
132.
Behrooz RD Esmaili-Sari A Ghasempouri SM Bahramifar N Covaci A 《Environment international》2009,35(2):285-290
Persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha, beta and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, together with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (IUPAC Nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180), were determined in tail feathers from 37 birds belonging to 18 species, all originating from the South-West of Iran (Khuzestan, coast of the Persian Gulf). This is the first report on organochlorine contaminants in feathers from museum collections and it is an indication of the concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in the past (1991-1996). Median concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, PCBs and HCB were 22, 14, 11 and 10 ng/g feather, respectively. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were calculated between OCPs (except HCB) and PCBs in the bird feathers. p,p'-DDE and gamma-HCH were the most abundant OCPs, while CB 180, CB 138 and CB 101 were the predominant PCB congeners in almost all species. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean concentrations of DDTs and PCBs were detected among species grouped according to their feeding habits. Levels of DDTs and PCBs were highest in the carnivorous species and lowest in the herbivorous species. Levels of OCPs and PCBs in feathers of bids in the 1990s were generally below the thresholds reported to affect reproduction. 相似文献
133.
Application of an empirical transport model to simulate retention of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in sand columns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide was injected into sand columns to simulate subsurface injection for creation of a permeable treatment barrier. Past usage of this material as an ex situ pilot scale treatment filter has shown that it has a high adsorption capacity for a number of heavy metals and therefore would be a good candidate for injection technology. Three suspension concentrations (50, 75 and 100 mg l(-1)) were pumped through packed sand columns at different flow velocities (3.0, 6.8 and 14.1 cm min(-1)). Little to no particles was detected in the effluent. Most of the nanoparticles remained in the sand columns, with an increasing then decreasing retained solids pattern. Application of a one-dimensional advection-dispersion flow model, that included two empirical kinetic terms to account for particle retention in the porous media, produced data fits that followed the general trend of the data, but did not truly capture the concentration maxima in the data sets. Discussion of these results highlights the limited ability of existing models to aid in predicting particle retention of non-ideal materials for engineering purposes. 相似文献
134.
Abdel-Rahman FH Clark S Saleh MA 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(8):680-685
Thirty-three organic acids and furfural metabolites were examined for their nematicidal activity against plant-parasitic, free-living and predacious nematodes. Propionic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, and furic acid were the most effective nematicides among normal chain organic acids, branched organic acids, hydroxy/keto-acids, dicarboxylic acids and furfural metabolites, respectively. Seven of the tested compounds were found to have more than 90% mortality thus designating them as highly active nematicides. Of the highly active tested compounds, an average octanol/water log P of 0.97 was observed with a range from 0.28 to 2.64, and a Henry's Law constant averaging 2.6 x 10(- 7) atm.m3/mole. Tested chemicals with minor or low nematicidal activity showed an average log P of 1.76 with a range from 0.15 to 3.42 and a Henry's Law constant averaging 16.6 x 10(- 7) atm.m3/mole. 相似文献
135.
Mahmoud Chamsaz Mohammad Eftekhari Ali Eftekhari Ali Yekkebashi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9067-9075
Highly rapid and selective vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of organic drop has been used for determination of cobalt ion. 2-Nitroso-1-naphthol (2N1N) was used as a selective complexing agent to form stable cobalt–2N1N complex which can be extracted with 1-undecanol at a short time by the assistance of vortex agitator system followed by its determination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In vortex assisted, vigorous vortex stream as well as the vibrant effect of vortex system cause very fine droplets of extraction solvent to be produced and extraction occurred at a short time. Some parameters influencing the extraction process such as pH of samples, concentration of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol, extraction solvent volume, extraction time, ionic strength and surfactant addition, as well as interferences were evaluated in detail and optimum conditions were selected. At the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 15 to 400 μg L?1 of cobalt ions. The relative standard deviation based on ten replicate analysis of sample solution containing 50 μg L?1 of cobalt was 3.4 %. The detection limit (calculated as the concentration equivalent to three times of the standard deviation of the blank divided by the slope of the calibration curve after preconcentration) was 5.4 μg L?1. The accuracy of the proposed method was successfully evaluated by the analysis of certified reference materials. This selective and highly rapid method was used for determination of cobalt ions in different water samples. 相似文献
136.
Ghumman AR Ghazaw YM Hashmi HN Kamal MA Niazi MF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1671-1681
Many drainage schemes and salinity control projects have been executed world wide. Pipe drainage has widely been used in Pakistan,
Egypt and India to control waterlogging. The impact of pipe drainage on land and water was evaluated in this paper using data
of three pipe drainage projects in Pakistan namely Khushab Salinity Control and Reclamation Project, Fourth Drainage Project
in Faisalabad and Swabi Salinity Control and Reclamation Project. Data by regular monitoring of these projects were collected.
The effect of pipe drainage on water table depth at these three locations has been compared. Water quality and soil salinity
improvement due to the pipe drainage has also been investigated. Data, related to water table depths and discharges from drain
pipes/wells, was collected. Observation wells, installed at various places by the Water and Power Development Authority, were
used for collection of this data. To evaluate the impact of the projects on salinity, soil samples from all the three locations
were tested. A questionnaire was prepared to get the view of the people about the projects. It was revealed that in these
areas, due to subsurface pipe drainage, the percentage of the abandoned land has been considerably decreased. Over drainage
was observed in a few places of the projects. The farmers at such places were asked to change their cropping patterns. Ultimately,
there has been an increase in area under cultivation, crop yields and cropping intensity in the projects’ area. 相似文献
137.
Human milk is usually the only source of food for infants during the first 4 to 5 months of their life. Maternal environmental
mercury exposure is directly related to fish consumption or amalgam filling. In this research, 38 human milk samples were
collected from mothers of Lenjan area who were not occupationally exposed with mercury. Mercury concentration in human milk
was determined by AMA254 Mercury Analyzer. A level of mercury was examined in relation to somatometric, demographic and dental
amalgam parameters. Obtained results showed that only dental amalgam significantly increased the mercury level in human milk
(p < 0.001). The mean mercury concentrations in milk of mothers without teeth fillings (n = 13), with one to three teeth fillings (n = 10), and four to eight teeth fillings (n = 15) were 2.87, 5.47, and 13.33 μg/l, respectively. The result of this study also showed a positive correlation of mercury
milk levels with the number of teeth fillings of the mother (p < 0.05, r = 0.755). The estimated weekly intake of mercury of a breastfed infant in this study was, in some cases, higher than provisional
tolerance weekly intake recommended by FAO/WHO, which pose a threat to their health. 相似文献
138.
139.
Mohammad Miri Elham Akbari Abdeltif Amrane Seyed Javad Jafari Hadi Eslami Edris Hoseinzadeh Mansur Zarrabi Javad Salimi Mohsen Sayyad-Arbabi Mahmoud Taghavi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(11):583
The heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) content of a fish species consumed by the Sistan population and its associated health risk factors were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were slightly higher than the standard levels. The Ni content of fish was below the maximum guideline proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The average estimated weekly intake was significantly below the provisional tolerable intake based on the FAO and WHO standards for all studied metals. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of all metals were below 1, showing an absence of health hazard for the population of Sistan. The combined target hazard quotient for the considered metals was 26.94 × 10?3. The cancer risk factor for Pb (1.57 × 10?7) was below the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10?5). The results of this study reveal an almost safe level of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni contents in the fish consumed by the Sistan population. 相似文献
140.
Ebaid Hossam Abd Rabou Abdel-Mageed Ahmed Al-Tamimi Jameel Homoud Hassan Iftekhar Rady Ahmed Mostafa El-Newehy Mohamed Hassan Mashaly Ashraf Mohamed Abdel-Megeed Ahmed AbdelFattah Mahmoud Alhazza Ibrahim Abdel-Halim Essam Sayed Salem Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):40009-40019
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oil spills can result in significant damage to marine estuaries, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and shorelines. Electrospun nanofibers containing... 相似文献