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61.
62.
人工湿地中抗生素抗性大肠杆菌和抗性基因的去除与分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
抗生素的滥用导致抗生素抗性菌和抗性基因随生活污水和养殖废水的排放在环境中肆意散播,其去除及环境行为越来越受到关注。采用K-B纸片法测定了9套不同工艺构型模拟人工湿地中大肠杆菌对7种抗生素的抗性率,并应用多重PCR检测磺胺类sul1、2、3与四环素tetA、B、C、D抗性基因,探究人工湿地对抗性菌的去除效率及抗性菌、抗性基因的分布规律。结果显示,人工湿地能有效去除污水中70%左右的抗性大肠杆菌,有效降低了细菌抗性的传播风险;共计分离出535株大肠肝菌中有378株对一种以上抗生素有抗性性,以四环素、磺胺类和氨苄西林抗性率最高,达到25%以上,其他4种抗性率较低,不足20%;2种抗性基因的检出率都在70%以上;对不同采样点大肠杆菌的抗性性及抗性基因的比较发现,各部分大肠杆菌的抗性水平、多重抗性指数(MRI)以及抗性基因(sul、tet)检出率和组合数表现出:基质≥出水>进水,推测抗性菌被湿地基质截留,在基质生物膜上发生抗性基因的重组,并释放抗性菌,提高了出水中抗性水平和抗性基因检出率。 相似文献
63.
Recent studies have indicated that Dechlorane Plus (DP) is widespread in the environments. However, different isomer-specific enrichment pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP was reported in biological samples from the field. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were consecutively exposed to commercial DP 25 by gavage for 90 d at different doses (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg?1 d?1) to investigate the accumulation pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP in liver, muscle, and serum of rats. The possible biological effects of DP on rats were also examined. Results showed that DP preferentially accumulated in the liver rather than in muscle at all exposure levels. No significant stereoselectivity of anti-DP or syn-DP in tissues was observed in the low DP exposure groups (0 and 1 mg kg?1 d?1) with fanti values (defined as the concentration of the anti-DP divided by the sum of concentrations of anti- and syn-DP) ranging from 0.74 to 0.78. However, fanti values reduced (fanti ranged from 0.26 to 0.30) significantly in the high DP exposure groups (10 and 100 mg kg?1 d?1) and syn-DP was predominant in all tissues. Biochemical parameters in serum, the mRNA expression levels of certain enzymes and their activities in liver were detected. There was no observable-effect in histopathology and death during the experiment, although the mRNA expression levels of some genes in the low dosage group decreased significantly and enzyme activity of CYP 2B2 increased. 相似文献
64.
Temporal trends of hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary and the northern South China Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peng X Wang Z Yu Y Tang C Lu H Xu S Chen F Mai B Chen S Li K Yang C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):442-448
Concentrations and fluxes of unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons (UCM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for two 210Pb dated sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS). Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were also measured for identification of the hydrocarbon sources. The historical records of PAHs in the NSCS reflected the economic development in the Pearl River Delta during the 20th century. PAHs in the NSCS predominantly derive from combustion of coal and biomass, whereas PAHs in the PRE are a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic in origins. The isotopic profiles reveal that the petrogenic hydrocarbons in the PRE originate predominantly from local spillage/leakage of lube oil and crude oils. The accumulation rates of pyrogenic PAHs have significantly increased, whereas UCM accumulation has slightly declined in the NSCS in the recent three decades. 相似文献
65.
区域可持续发展评价工作的经常化问题 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
讨论了区域可持发展评价的经常化问题,提出了一张通用的指导性评价指标清单及其使用方法。经过实例模拟验算,认为基本可行,建议让区域可持续发展评价工作成为政府的定期行为 。 相似文献
66.
UBF-物理化学组合工艺处理Zn5-ASA医药废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用砂滤-UBF厌氧-絮凝沉淀工艺处理高浓度Zn5-ASA医药废水。实验结果表明,对于COD为8000-10000mg/L,色度7000-9000倍的Zn5-ASA废水,加石灰乳和H2SO4预调,经砂滤柱过滤后,COD会去除20%左右;再进以聚丙烯环为填料的厌氧UBF反应器,HRT为10.57h,COD去除率达83%-89%;出水再经化学絮凝沉淀后,无色透明,COD浓度远小于1000mg/L,符合GB8978-96三级排放标准要求,且色度小于10倍。 相似文献
67.
湛江市环境管理信息系统建设研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
湛江市地方环境特点和环保局职能,介绍了该市环境管理信息系统的开发目的,系统,结构设计,主要等,该系统在Windows95环境下,以Foxpro3.0为主要支持工具,结合其他GIS软件,模型采用FortranforWindowsVisualC++4.0为编程语言,建立了全 中文界面的多媒体环境管理信息系统。 相似文献
68.
In this work, dynamic mathematical model for the prediction of the operational parameter volatile fatty acids/bicarbonate
alkalinity (VFA/ALK) in a UASB reactor was developed. The dynamic modeling technique was applied successfully to a two-year
data record from an industrial wastewater treatment plant of a potato processing industry. The technique used included regression
analysis by residuals. Seventeen parameters were examined including the following: wastewater's flow rate, reactor's temperature
and pH, total and soluble influent COD, wastewater's temperature and pH, total and soluble effluent COD, volatile fatty acids,
alkalinity, biogas production rate and each parameter with a time lag of up to 10 days. Finally, after all parameters and
all time lag trials the best fitted model was developed. The model's adequacy was checked by χ2 test for a data record of the same UASB reactor but at a different time period and proved to be satisfactory. Additionally,
the model's ability to predict and to control the plant's operation via VFA/ALK was examined. Through this model, in contrary
to steady state models, various aspects of the process can be enlighten, such as the fact that the hydrolysis of starch requires
at least a resident time of seven days. 相似文献
69.
Kosuke Kawai Luong Thi Mai Huong Masato Yamada Masahiro Osako 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(3):517-526
The organic fraction of municipal solid wastes in Southeast Asia, which has a high moisture content, accounts for a large proportion of total waste. Local governments need to pay adequate attention to the composition of wastes to determine alternative waste management technologies. This study proposed the use of a triangle diagram to describe changes in proximate composition and rates of successful source separation of municipal solid waste and to identify technical challenges about alternative waste management technologies such as incineration, composting, and refuse-derived fuel production based on physical and proximate composition analysis of household waste sampled in Hanoi, Vietnam, as a case study. The analysis indicated the effectiveness of different types of source separation as well as different levels of successful achievement of source separation as an adjustment mechanism for the proximate composition of waste. Proper categorization of wastes for source separation is necessary for the appropriate use of alternative waste management technologies. The results showed that, at a source separation rate of just greater than 0.52 in a three-way separation scheme, the waste separated as combustible waste would be suitable for incineration with energy recovery. Based on well-designed schemes of source separation, alternative waste management technologies can be applied. 相似文献
70.
Wang Hongji Yang Mai He Rui Zheng Peng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72090-72100
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanism of how environmental regulations (ERs) affect export sophistication (ES) is complex, and for many years, it has been a hot topic for... 相似文献