巯基乙酸改性橘子皮对Cu2+的吸附性能

研究了经巯基乙酸改性的橘子皮吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附性能,并考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、Cu2+初始浓度及温度对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich方程;;在pH=5.3、25℃条件下的最大吸附容量为70.671mg·g-1;;吸附过程为化学吸附,且经巯基乙酸改性的橘子皮可重复使用5次以上.     

新闻纸生命周期评价与Ⅲ型环境声明研究

根据生命周期的理论框架及Ⅲ型环境声明的要求,对我国新闻纸产品系统的资源能源消耗及环境排放进行了定量分析和评估.研究系统边界从制浆废纸原料的收集到新闻纸产品运输至用户,主要单元过程包括制浆、抄纸、主要化学品生产、能源生产、运输等.通过评价分析最终得到以1000kg新闻纸为功能单位的生命周期清单结果,同时定量评估了其对全球...     

Chemically modified biochar produced from conocarpus waste increases NO<Subscript>3</Subscript> removal from aqueous solutions

Biochar has emerged as a universal sorbent for the removal of contaminants from water and soil. However, its efficiency is lower than that of commercially available sorbents. Engineering biochar by chemical modification may improve its sorption efficiency. In this study, conocarpus green waste was chemically modified with magnesium and iron oxides and then subjected to thermal pyrolysis to produce biochar. These chemically modified biochars were tested for NO₃ removal efficiency from aqueous solutions in batch sorption isothermal and kinetic experiments. The results revealed that MgO-biochar outperformed other biochars with a maximum NO₃ sorption capacity of 45.36 mmol kg^?1 predicted by the Langmuir sorption model. The kinetics data were well described by the Type 1 pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominating mechanism of NO₃ sorption onto biochars. Greater efficiency of MgO-biochar was related to its high specific surface area (391.8 m² g^?1) and formation of strong ionic complexes with NO₃. At an initial pH of 2, more than 89 % NO₃ removal efficiency was observed for all of the biochars. We conclude that chemical modification can alter the surface chemistry of biochar, thereby leading to enhanced sorption capacity compared with simple biochar.     

改性生物炭对弱碱性Cd污染土壤钝化修复效应和土壤环境质量的影响

通过大田示范试验,研究了钙基改性生物炭对弱碱性Cd污染土壤的钝化修复效应及对土壤理化性质、团聚体结构、土壤酶活性和玉米体内Cd累积特征的影响.结果表明,向弱碱性土壤中添加改性生物炭提高了土壤pH值、有效态阳离子交换量和有机质含量.与对照相比,添加钙基改性生物炭后土壤有效态Cd（DTPA-Cd）含量的降幅达到12.0%~30.2%,且Cd赋存形态由活性较高的可交换态和可还原态向更稳定的残渣态转变.改性生物炭的施加明显降低了Cd在植物体内富集的风险,玉米根、茎、叶和籽粒中Cd含量明显受到抑制,3种玉米品种籽粒中Cd含量较对照分别下降了52.65%~72.56%（郑单958）、37.54%~50.80%（蠡玉16）和23.60%~51.20%（三北218）.添加改性生物炭在一定程度上改善了土壤环境质量,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随着改性生物炭施加量的增加呈逐渐升高的趋势.改性生物炭处理下,5~8 mm和2~5 mm粒级团聚体所占比例增加,而≤ 0.25 mm粒级团聚体占比有所下降,团聚体平均几何直径（GMD）和平均质量直径（MWD）分别增加了10.35%~29.34%和13.20%~27.03%,显示土壤团聚体稳定性增加.玉米籽粒中（郑单958）Cd含量与土壤有效态Cd含量呈显著负相关关系（p<0.01）.研究表明,钙基改性生物炭在钝化修复弱碱性Cd污染土壤和改善土壤环境质量方面具有一定的研究前景和可行性.     

花背蟾蜍性腺抗氧化酶对稀土尾矿库污染胁迫的响应

本研究以花背蟾蜍(Bufo Raddei)作为实验动物,以某稀土尾矿库周边受污染的水域湿地为研究样地,以相对无污染的小白河黄河湿地自然保护区为对照样地。通过检测两地花背蟾蜍精巢和卵巢的脏器系数、MDA和GSH含量、SOD、GSH-Px、GST、CAT和GR活性、T-AOC等相关指标。研究花背蟾蜍性腺抗氧化酶对该稀土尾矿库污染胁迫的响应效应。结果显示:与黄河湿地相比,稀土尾矿库湿地复合污染对花背蟾蜍精巢和卵巢脏器系数的影响差异不显著。稀土尾矿库花背蟾蜍精巢和卵巢中MDA含量、GPx、GST和CAT活性显著高于黄河湿地(P0.05),而GSH含量表现出相反的趋势。精巢中T-AOC显著高于卵巢(P0.01),但相同组织在两地间差异不显著。结果表明该稀土尾矿库复合污染对花背蟾蜍精巢和卵巢抗氧化能力有一定的毒害效应,且精巢和卵巢对污染胁迫的响应有明显的差异性。在应对稀土尾矿库湿地复合污染胁迫时,精巢更倾向于调用SOD-CAT系统的抗氧化机制,而在卵巢内GSH系统发挥作用更大。     

湟水河流域西宁段河流表层沉积物重金属空间分布及生态风险评估

采集湟水河流域西宁段16个表层沉积物样品,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱和测汞仪测定了沉积物中重金属含量,结合污染负荷指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、沉积物质量基准法查明了流域表层沉积物重金属(H g、Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd)污染现状、空间分布特征、潜在生态风险,使用聚类分析和Pearson相关分析方法分析了五种重金属可能来源....     

Electronic elasticity-toxicity relationships for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners

SCF-MO computations have been performed on tetra- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners (PCDD) using an MNDO-PM3 Hamiltonian. Qualitative relationships were developed between empirical, international-toxic equivalence factors for PCDD congeners and their relative (specific) polarizabilities and mean values of second hyperpolarizabilities estimated using finite-field theory.     

Influence of the structure and composition of Fe–Mn binary oxides on rGO on As(III) removal from aquifers

Fe–Mn binary oxide (FMBO) possesses high efficiency for As(III) abatement based on the good adsorption affinity of iron oxide and the oxidizing capacity of Mn(IV), and the composition and structure of FMBO play important roles in this process. To compare the removal performance and determine the optimum formula for FMBO, magnetic graphene oxide (MRGO)–FMBO and MRGO–MnO₂ were synthesized with MRGO as a carrier to improve the dispersity of the adsorbents in aquifers and achieve magnetic recycling. Results indicated that MRGO–FMBO had higher As(III) removal than that of MRGO–MnO₂, although the ratios of Fe and Mn were similar, because the binary oxide of Fe and Mn facilitated electron transfer from Mn(IV) to As(III), while the separation of Mn and Fe on MRGO–MnO₂ restricted the process. The optimal stoichiometry x for MRGO–FMBO (Mn_xFe_3-xO₄) was 0.46, and an extraordinary adsorption capacity of 24.38 mg/g for As(III) was achieved. MRGO–FMBO showed stable dispersive properties in aquifers, and exhibited excellent practicability and reusability, with a saturation magnetization of 7.6 emu/g and high conservation of magnetic properties after 5 cycles of regeneration and reuse. In addition, the presence of coexisting ions would not restrict the practical application of MRGO–FMBO in groundwater remediation. The redox reactions of As(III) and Mn(IV) on MRGO–FMBO were also described. The deprotonated aqueous As(III) on the surface of MRGO–FMBO transferred electrons to Mn(IV), and the formed As(V) oxyanions were bound to ferric oxide as inner-sphere complexes by coordinating their “–OH” groups with Mn(IV) oxides at the surface of MRGO–FMBO. This work could provide new insights into high-performance removal of As(III) in aquifers.     

象山港流域入湾河流水体中重金属风险评价及其来源解析

本文根据丰水期象山港8种溶解态重金属的浓度调查,通过单因子污染指数(P_i)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P_n)和重金属污染指数(HPI)评价方法研究了重金属流域内入湾河流中重金属的污染.基于流域内土地利用类型与重金属浓度的相关性,结合实地走访调查,对重金属的来源进行了解析.结果表明,区域内重金属平均浓度大小表现为:FeMnZnCuAsCrPbCd;除Mn和Fe外,其余6种重金属浓度均符合《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅰ类水标准;区域内重金属风险较低,无污染现象,但存在沾污情况;以水产养殖为代表的农业面源污染是区域内重金属出现沾污的主要因素.为了合理规避区域内城镇化发展进程中的重金属风险,重点在于加强以农业面源为主的污染源监管.