不同源胡敏酸的表征及其对磺胺嘧啶光降解的影响

以国际腐殖酸协会(IHSS)推荐的方法为基础,对四川省绵阳市青义镇泥炭地、水稻田及凋落物覆盖土层中的胡敏酸(HA)进行提取纯化.通过元素组成、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱及三维荧光光谱对各HA样品的结构特性进行对比分析,并探讨各HA对磺胺嘧啶光降解行为的影响.结果表明:泥炭地HA(NTHA)、水稻田HA(SDHA)、凋落物覆盖土HA(LYHA)及市售商品HA(SPHA)均主要由C、H、O、N 4种元素构成,芳香性大小为SPHANTHALYHASDHA;与提取的HA相比,SPHA含有更多的含氮类、芳香类、脂类化合物及含氧官能团,腐殖化程度高,可能含有较多的光活性基团;磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)在黑暗条件下表现出良好的稳定性,而紫外光照条件下发生了缓慢降解,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学;添加不同来源HA后,各体系SDZ的光降解速率均大于纯水溶液,且HA表现出的促进作用大小为SPHASDHANTHALYHA,这可能与各HA的腐殖化程度相关.     

Dioxin induces expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p in human neuroblastoma cells

Dioxin can cause a series of neural toxicological effects. Micro RNAs(mi Rs) play important roles in regulating nervous system function and mediating cellular responses to environmental pollutants, such as dioxin. Hsa-mi R-146 b-5 p appears to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. However, little is known about effects of dioxin on the expression of hsa-mi R-146 b-5 p. We found that the hsa-mi R-146 b-5 p expression and its promoter activity were significantly increased in dioxin treated SK-N-SH cells, a human-derived neuroblastoma cell line. Potential roles of hsa-mi R-146 b-5 p in mediating neural toxicological effects of dioxin may be due to the regulation of certain target genes. We further confirmed that hsa-mi R-146 b-5 p significantly suppressed acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) activity and targeted the3′-untranslated region of the ACh E T subunit, which has been down-regulated in dioxin treated SK-N-SH cells. Functional bioinformatic analysis showed that the known and predicted target genes of hsa-mi R-146 b-5 p were involved in some brain functions or cyto-toxicities related to known dioxin effects, including synapse transmission, in which ACh E may serve as a responsive gene for mediating the effect.     

三峡库区典型支流水库浮游动植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了探讨三峡库区典型支流水库（长寿湖）浮游动植物结构与环境因子间的关系,于不同季节对其水环境因子和浮游动植物进行调查,利用Pearson相关性分析法对调查结果进行分析.对浮游动植物的鉴定结果表明：浮游植物共有8门107种,主要由相对丰度达61%的蓝藻门组成,优势种群包括纤细席藻、点状平裂藻和类颤藻鱼腥藻这3种浮游植物.共鉴定出浮游动物4门82种,其中轮虫相对丰度达88%,其优势种群包括螺形龟甲轮虫、前节晶囊轮虫和盖氏晶囊轮虫等6种浮游动物.浮游动植物丰度、生物量和生物多样性指数的空间差异均不显著,除浮游动物生物多样性指数季节性差异不显著外,其余指标均有显著的季节性差异.夏季浮游植物的丰度最高,春季次之,冬季最低,而浮游动物春季丰度最高,春季浮游动植物的生物量均显著高于冬季.夏季浮游植物的种类数,Shannon-Wiener指数（H''）、Pielous均匀度指数（J）和Margalef丰富度指数（D）显著低于冬季和春季.水质评价结果表明,冬、春季节长寿湖水质处于清洁-寡污状态,夏季处于中度污染状态,长寿湖整体处于富营养化状态.影响长寿湖浮游动植物群落结构的环境因子包括：Chla、DOC、TP、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、DO、Eh和T.冬春夏3个季节影响浮游动植物群落结构的环境因子存在差异.     

Environment-forming role of black saxaul, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haloxylon aphyllum</Emphasis> (Minkw.) Iljin in the Karnabchul Desert

The environment-forming role of desert tree plants has been studied in the light of A.A. Uranov’s concept of phytogenic field using the example of black saxaul, Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin, in the Karnabchul Desert. It has been shown that the environment-forming influence of this species leads to considerable changes in the light regime, air and soil moisture and temperature regimes, and soil humus and salt contents within its phytogenic field. Consequently, pertinent changes take place in the dynamics of abundance and distribution pattern of the main plant species and wormwood–ephemeral vegetation.     

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Properties of Crosslinked Chitosan Nano-composite Film

Chitosan nano-composite film crosslinked by citric acid and with glycerol as plasticizer and MgO as antibacterial agent was prepared by casting method. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized via calcination method in furnace at 500 °C for 4 h and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The chitosan nano-composite film with composition chitosan/citric/glycerol/magnesium oxide (1 wt%:1 wt%:75 vol%:10 wt%) has high mechanical properties than other films. The effects of different irradiation doses on the mechanical, thermal and antibacterial activity were investigated. The tensile strength enhanced by increasing irradiation dose up to 10 kGy and the elongation negligible changed as irradiation dose increased. The thermal stability slightly increased up to dose 2.5 kGy then decreased with dose increment. The antimicrobial activity film was studied against white mulberry-borne bacterial pathogens either Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria and has positive impact of gamma irradiation on the antimicrobial activity. The use of the selected chitosan nano-composite film which irradiated by dose of 2.5 kGy and has magnesium oxide of average particle size 54.3 nm as new packaging materials found to improve storage quality and shelf-life of mulberry fruit.     

Effects of iodoacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproduct on the gut microbiota and its metabolism in rats

Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage....     

重金属捕集剂XL9对含铜电镀废水处理效果的研究

研究了含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的重金属捕集剂XL9对2种不同浓度的含铜电镀废水处理的影响因素和效果。研究结果表明,处理pH为2.05、含铜584.79 mg/L的废水,可无需调节pH直接投加10 mL捕集剂,搅拌反应3 min,静置后其上清液中所含铜离子为0.24 mg/L,去除率达到99.96%,完全达到国家排放标准(GB8978-1996)。在pH 3～10范围内,投加0.20 mL捕集剂,对含铜4.16 mg/L的废水的去除率可达到94.95%以上,其出水浓度小于0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

抗菌防臭纤维织物杀藻效果研究

针对水华治理需求,采用市售抗菌防臭纤维织物产品进行了实验室和小型实验池中水华藻杀灭实验。结果显示,在28℃光照强度3 000 lx条件下,在实验室培养的藻悬浮液中放置0.4 cm2/mL抗菌防臭纤维织物1~3 d后,铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)DS和7820种、鲍氏织线藻(Plectonema calothrichoidesGom)、莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas rein-hardtii)的叶绿素a含量即明显降低,处理2周后,叶绿素a浓度分别下降94.8%、92.7%、93.2%和98.9%;鱼腥藻(Anabae-na7120),斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquusK櫣tz)的生长受到强烈抑制,处理3周后其叶绿素a浓度无明显增加;在1.8 m×2.8 m×1.5 m的小型实验池使用1.25 m2/m3抗菌防臭纤维织物8 d后,实验池野生铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a浓度下降86.8%。鱼类急性毒理测试显示该抗菌防臭纤维织物无毒性。     

抗生素对耐药型反硝化菌反硝化过程及微生物群落结构的影响

城市污水中部分抗生素通过常规工艺处理的去除率较低,导致自然水环境中微生物耐药性增强.为降低抗生素对城镇受纳水体的生态危害,提出了利用耐药型反硝化菌的共代谢作用降解微量抗生素的风险控制技术.采用乙酸钠为电子供体,并保持氧氟沙星(OFLX)浓度为1μg·L^-1,逐步提高抗生素降解菌的优势生长,分别培养获得仅有乙酸钠和氮元素存在条件下的反硝化菌群(DnB₁)、微量抗生素与乙酸钠、氮元素同时存在条件的反硝化菌群(DnB₂).考察了抗生素通过反硝化共代谢的降解效果,抗生素对耐药型反硝化菌脱氮过程的影响,以及微生物群落结构的变化情况.结果表明DnB₂相比于DnB₁,对OFLX具有明显降解作用, DnB₁和DnB₂对OFLX的降解量分别为0.31μg·g^-1和16.14μg·g^-1.OFLX浓度的提高,会在短期内抑制DnB₁反硝化活性.DnB₂反硝化过程受OFL...     

加热方式对固体废物水分含量测定的影响研究

通过条件实验确定烘箱加热法的恒重条件,确定微波加热法、红外加热法和烘箱加热法测定固体废物水分含量的最佳样品称取量.采用3种方法的最佳条件分别测定了10余种不同类型的固体废物的水分含量,比较了3种方法的测定时间、精密度和测定值的差异性.结果表明:烘箱加热法的最佳恒重条件为前后2次测定差值不超过最终测定质量的±0.1％.烘...