小清河口及邻近海域的溶解氧

在2002年6月对小清河口及邻近海域进行大面调查资料的基础上，分析了调查区域内溶解氧的分布特征，发现在小清河河口内存在低氧区。结合盐度、COD、营养盐的分析数据，查明了小清河河口内形成低氧区的主要原因是小清河径流带来的大量有机污染物所致。     

广东英德宝晶宫洞穴微环境时空变化特征及其主要影响因素探究

为进一步了解洞穴微环境与气候环境指标之间的相互联系,本文以广东英德宝晶宫溶洞为研究对象,对洞穴空气温度、相对湿度、CO_2浓度进行了为期42个月(2011年12月~2015年5月)实地监测,结果发现宝晶宫洞穴微环境存在明显的时空变化:近洞口处洞穴微环境季节性变化特征明显,而洞穴深处微环境季节变化显著变弱。洞穴微环境的变化主要受到外界气候和天气的变化以及通风效应的影响,前者是导致洞穴微环境季节性变化的主要原因,后者是导致洞穴微环境变化具有空间差异性的主要原因。此外洞穴结构和旅游活动也会对洞穴微环境变化产生影响。本研究结果表明,洞穴通风作用是影响洞穴微环境变化的重要过程之一,其对洞穴沉积气候环境指标的影响可能值得今后进一步深入研究。     

外源Mn(Ⅱ)对菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)生长及其铁锰含量的影响

菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)对于富营养化水体具有良好的修复作用,而锰可能是沉水植物菹草恢复过程中的营养限制性因子之一. 采用浅水湖泊(武汉汤逊湖和南湖)沉积物培养菹草,研究外源Mn(Ⅱ)对菹草生物量,w(总叶绿素)及铁、锰吸收量〔m(Mn)和m(Fe)〕的影响. 结果表明:Mn(Ⅱ)对菹草生长具有促进作用;添加Mn(Ⅱ)和不添加Mn(Ⅱ)的菹草上述各项指标值差异显著;无论是否添加Mn(Ⅱ),菹草茎叶m(Mn)与m(Fe)均呈高度正相关,菹草对Fe和Mn的吸收未表现出拮抗作用,且在菹草生长周期内,其茎叶锰铁比〔w(Mn)/w(Fe)〕保持在0.03～0.07的较低水平,与陆生植物对Fe和Mn的吸收机制存在明显差异.      

Reproductive sharing and proximate factors mediating cooperative breeding in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)

Although dominant African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are generally believed to be the sole breeders within a pack, earlier behavioral and endocrine data suggest that reproduction could be shared with subordinates. We performed an extensive behavioral, demographic, and genetic evaluation of a wild dog population in South Africa to examine the level of such sharing and the proximate mechanisms influencing reproductive contributions of each sex. While a majority of pups were born to dominants because of a lack of subordinate potential breeders, we discovered a substantial portion of reproductive sharing between dominants and subordinates. Compared with alpha females that mated annually, subordinate beta females bred in 54.5% of years whereas thetas never bred. The three top-ranking males all sired pups (56.0%, 32.0%, and 12.0%, respectively) when three or more adult males were present. With only two pack males, alpha and beta individuals shared reproduction nearly equally (55.2% and 44.8%, respectively), and litters of mixed paternity were discovered on eight of 15 (53.3%) occasions. A skewed adult sex-ratio and frequent alpha mortalities for females and behavioral aggression in males allowed most individuals to attain dominant status in their lifetime, creating a constantly shifting social hierarchy. Genetic parentage results corresponded to reported hormone profiles, suggesting physiological suppression in some lower-ranked individuals of both sexes. Thus, a combination of demographic, behavioral, and hormonal proximate factors mediates reproductive partitioning in wild dogs. We conclude that reproductive sharing can be significant in this species, especially for males that have less robust suppressive mechanisms than females.     

Importance of Accounting for Detection Heterogeneity When Estimating Abundance: the Case of French Wolves

Abstract: Assessing conservation strategies requires reliable estimates of abundance. Because detecting all individuals is most often impossible in free‐ranging populations, estimation procedures have to account for a <1 detection probability. Capture–recapture methods allow biologists to cope with this issue of detectability. Nevertheless, capture–recapture models for open populations are built on the assumption that all individuals share the same detection probability, although detection heterogeneity among individuals has led to underestimating abundance of closed populations. We developed multievent capture–recapture models for an open population and proposed an associated estimator of population size that both account for individual detection heterogeneity (IDH). We considered a two‐class mixture model with weakly and highly detectable individuals to account for IDH. In a noninvasive capture–recapture study of wolves we based on genotypes identified in feces and hairs, we found a large underestimation of population size (27% on average) occurred when IDH was ignored.     

南海东北部珠江口盆地沉积物中古菌群落垂向分布研究

本文利用高通量测序及荧光定量PCR技术对南海东北部珠江口盆地柱状沉积物的表层（0~1 cm）、中层（20~21 cm）和底层（40~41 cm）3个样品中古菌群落结构及其垂向分布进行了研究。结果表明,沉积物中的古菌主要可被划分为奇古菌门、Woesearchaeota、深古菌门和广古菌门。表层样品中的古菌群落多样性和丰富度最低,类群Marine Group I（MGI）占绝对优势,中层和底层样品中的古菌则以MGI、Group C3、Marine Benthic Group B、Thermoplasmata为主要类群。执行氨氧化功能的亚硝化侏儒菌属（Nitrosopumilus）是研究区域的优势类群,预示该区域的氮代谢过程较为活跃。定量结果表明,古菌丰度为2.00×107~8.20×107copies/g,且随深度增加呈下降趋势。研究结果可为进一步探讨南海沉积物中的古菌群落特征提供依据。     

浅析涂层型电磁屏蔽室工程施工与应用

主要阐述了电磁辐射的危害以及针对建筑物实施电磁屏蔽的必要性.根据电磁屏蔽的基本原理,详细介绍了采用电磁屏蔽涂料对主要建筑物进行电磁屏蔽施工时采取的技术手段,主要包括建筑物基层、门窗、通风、通电的处理方法.最后,对涂层型电磁屏蔽室的屏蔽效能测试与后期维护提出具体要求.     

一种紫外-可见光谱检测水质COD预测模型优化方法

针对紫外-可见光谱法检测水质COD预测模型的精度低和收敛速度慢等问题,研究了一种基于粒子群算法联合最小二乘支持向量机(PSO_LSSVM)的水质检测COD预测模型优化方法,并引入主元分析(PCA)算法对模型输入光谱数据进行降维预处理,借以提高模型的收敛速度.结果表明,利用粒子群(PSO)算法收敛速度快和全局优化能力,优化了最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)模型的惩罚因子和核函数参数,避免了人为选择参数的盲目性,克服了传统LSSVM预测模型的精度较低、稳健性较差等缺点.通过以收敛时间、预测平均相对误差(MRE)和均方根误差(RMSE)为评价标准进行评估,输入样本经过PCA降维预处理的PSO_LSSVM模型的预测能力和输入样本未经过降维预处理的LSSVM模型与PSO_LSSVM模型进行了比较分析,输入样本经过PCA降维预处理的PSO_LSSVM模型预测效果最优,且此算法使用C语言实现,易于移植,这为紫外-可见光谱水质COD在线、实时性检测奠定了基础.     

滑移装置抑制甲烷爆炸影响分析

为减少瓦斯二次爆炸带来的危害,研发新型抑爆弹性滑移装置,并将滑移装置与固定装置对比,分析其对9.5％甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸抑制效果.结果表明:滑移装置抑爆效果优于固定装置;滑移装置能缩短火焰燃烧时间,固定装置超压峰值高于滑移装置;由于轻碳板反向速度提高,弹性系数为0.85 N/mm的滑移装置对火焰和超压抑制效果优于弹性...     

高校党政办公室工作的创新与实践

党政办公室在高校的发展与建设中承担着组织、协调、服务、督办等重要的职能与作用.面对新形势、新任务、新要求,党政办公室要跟上时代的步伐,就必须不断开拓进取,建立一种新的、现代的、更加先进的工作理念、工作方式、工作机制,充分调动工作人员的创造性和积极性,提高高校党政办公室工作的效率,建设一流部门,争创一流业绩.