滇池流域环境变迁及环境修复的社会机制

滇池流域人口、经济的高速增长与滇池水面的迅速缩减，使得滇池流域经济社会活动超过了其环境容量；滇池流域洁净地表水的截流与城乡生产、生活污水向滇池的肆意排放，使得滇池缺少源头活水而成为“污水池”。社会机制是修复滇池流域环境的重要方面。因此，本文特建议：增强居民环境意识，推动绿色社团建设，加强社会舆论监督，发动公众自觉参与。     

基于生态文明的最严格环保制度的框架体系研究

“十八大”报告明确了生态文明建设的突出地位,提出了建立“最严格的环境保护制度”的目标。而当前的环境保护制度已无力应对资源、环境、生态问题。本文首先对生态文明建设实施途径进行解读;然后构建了以“环境规划一社会经济类规划一规划环评”为核心的“最严格环境保护制度”的框架,明确了各自功能定位,并提出了与社会经济类规划相适应的环境规划和规划环评的实施形式、工作内容。     

Reproductive toxicity and underlying mechanisms of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endocrine disruptor commonly found in plastic products that has been associated with reproduction alterations, but the effect of DEHP on toxicity is still widely unknown. Using DEHP concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/L, we showed that DEHP reduced the reproductive capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans after 72 hr. of exposure. DEHP exposure reduced the reproductive capacity in terms of decreased brood sizes, egg hatchability (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), and egg-laying rate (1 and 10 mg/L), and increased numbers of fertilized eggs in the uterus (1 and 10 mg/L). DEHP also caused damage to gonad development. DEHP decreased the total number of germline cells, and decreased the relative area of the gonad arm of all exposure groups, with worms in the 1 mg/L DEHP exposure group having the minimum gonad arm area. Additionally, DEHP caused a significant concentration‐dependent increase in the expression of unc-86. Autophagy and ROS contributed to the enhancement of DEHP toxicity in reducing reproductive capacity, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were activated as the antioxidant defense in this study. Hence, we found that DEHP has a dual effect on nematodes. Higher concentration (10 mg/L) DEHP can inhibit the expression of autophagy genes (atg-18, atg-7, bec-1, lgg-1 and unc-51), and lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) can promote the expression of autophagy genes. Our data highlight the potential environmental risk of DEHP in inducing reproductive toxicity toward the gonad development and reproductive capacity of environmental organisms.     

环境工艺方法论研究——上天入地法

上天入地法是环境工艺技术一般方法的重要组成部分。文章给出了上天入地法的定义,在环境工艺中的应用实例,并探究了其哲学内涵。     

Atmospheric deposition of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Guangzhou, China: seasonal variations and sources

The atmospheric deposition of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) was investigated at four locations in different suburban and urban functional districts of Guangzhou City. The annual deposition fluxes of total PBDD/Fs (eight 2,3,7,8-substituted tetra- to hexa-BDD/Fs) were in the range of 36-51 (mean 46) pg m(-2) day(-1), and the corresponding TEQ fluxes were estimated to range between 7.9 and 11.3 (mean 10.3) pg I-TEQ m(-2) day(-1), indicating a noticeable pollution level. The deposition fluxes of PBDD/Fs during the wet season were 2-4 times as high as those during the dry season. Both rainfall and temperature positively correlated with PBDD/F deposition fluxes. Ambient gas/particle partition coefficients (K(p)) were predicted with SPARC. It appears seasonal variations of PBDD/F deposition fluxes were influenced by meteorological parameters and the local usage of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The congener profiles of PBDD/Fs at four locations were similar either spatially or temporally, indicating that the main PBDD/F emission sources were similar to one another. Seasonal variations and congener patterns of PBDD/Fs indicated the possible sources included electronic waste recycling, industrial waste incinerators and products containing BFRs.     

循环经济产业体系论纲

循环经济的核心是物质在产业间和产业与环境间的循环流动。发展循环经济要落实到具体的产业和企业上。需搞清具有物质循环利用关系的产业及其间的关系。为区别传统经济产业间的关系，避免走入用传统产业理论指导循环经济建设的误区，本文提出产业体系和循环经济产业体系的概念。并将若干与某种生产要素有关的产业相互联系、相互制约而构成的整体称为产业体系。以物质要素循环利用关系为纽带的产业体系称为循环经济产业体系。根据物质在环境社会系统中的流动模式。将循环经济产业体系中的产业分成物资产业、人的产业和环境产业三大类。要在传统（线性）经济的基础上发展循环经济。需理性地按生态学原理规范经济活动。重点强化废弃物再生和回用的环境产业。使之同物资产业和人的产业相协调。产业体系是对产业结构概念的发展。循环经济产业体系是循环经济理论和建设的重要内容。构建循环经济理论体系、出台有关法律法规和产业政策。是循环经济建设工作的重点。     

关于建立流域生态补偿机制框架的探讨——以大伙房水库上游流域为例

随着经济的快速发展和人口的迅速膨胀,流域自然资源与生态环境面临着前所未有的压力。为了更好地协调流域各方的生态、经济利益关系,促进地区间和群体间的和谐、可持续发展,建立稳固的生态补偿激励机制就显得十分必要。以大伙房水库上游流域地区为研究对象,以公共产品理论、外部性理论、生态资本理论和可持续发展理论为理论基础,结合研究区的实际情况,确定研究区生态补偿的主客体和补偿的方式与途径;再分别站在供给方和需求方的角度,通过计算水库上游地区生态系统服务功能价值、生态保护建设总成本和水库下游地区人民的支付意愿价格来确定生态补偿的标准;最后综合考虑受益程度、支付意愿、流域面积等因素确定补偿金的分担率和分配率,并建立了生态补偿机制的配套措施。     

聚乙烯生产生命周期评价的研究

生命周期评价是一种对产品、生产工艺以及活动对环境的压力进行评价的客观过程。文章以我国东北某大型石化企业为案例,运用生命周期评价方法对聚乙烯生产生命周期中的环境协调性进行了研究,并对其污染物产生的环境影响潜值进行量化估算。评价结果表明:生产1t聚乙烯能源消耗为32.3×106kJ,环境影响负荷为701.9标准人当量。其中,轻烃、石脑油裂解及裂解气分离工序是释放污染物的最主要工序,光化学烟雾是最大的环境潜在影响,有必要采取措施降低聚乙烯生产过程中的环境负荷。