Distribution and health-risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils at a coking plant

Nineteen soil samples were collected in and around Songshan coking plant in Guangdong province of China and analyzed for eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentration of PAHs ranged from 2.36 to 1146.39 mg kg(-1) dry weight, varying significantly among the sampling sites, most individual PAHs were correlated with each other. A cluster analysis was performed to examine the correlation of PAH distribution, five groups were observed with sample types in the coking plant. 2-3 ring PAHs were predominant in group I and II, while 4-5 ring PAHs showed great abundance in group III, IV and V, which contributed to the distance from the emission sources in the coking plant and the behaviors of particle-bound and gaseous PAHs. The ratios of Flu?:?(Flu + Pyr), BaA?:?(BaA + Chr), InP?:?(InP + BgP) and Ant?:?(Ant + Phen) ratios were 0.51-0.87, 0.16-0.89, 0.47-0.68 and 0.03-0.60, respectively. The total index of all studied soils was > 6, indicating that the source of the PAHs in coking plant soils were from the pyrolysis processes. Health risk assessments were carried out by dermal PAH exposure data to quantify cancer risk. The resultant lifetime exposure levels due to TEQ(BaP) desorbed onto skin for workers ranged from 2.25 × 10(-7) to 7.86 × 10(-5) mg kg(-1) per day, and the estimated cancer risks were between 8.45 × 10(-6) and 2.94 × 10(-3), indicating that the dermal exposures of PAHs to coking workers might be acceptable in most soil sites.     

Construction of Circular Economy Industrial System

It is difficult to realize the transformation from traditional economy industrial system to circular economy industrial system. Regarding primary raw materials as the indicators, the industrial system has been specified according to the divergence among the indicators and the circular utilization modes. In comparison with the association among industrial systems, the relationship among industrial sub-systems is named as industrial cross-linking in this paper. The industrial system which could completely utiLize and recycle the indicators shouM be increased and strengthened, and the circular economy industrial system with complete industrial association and industrial cross-linking should also be constructed. Taking the development of circular agricultural system basing on the traditional agricultural system as an example, the traditional agricultural products are regarded as the indicators which have been divided into foodstuff and crop straws which are used to produce food and articles for use, Like fertilizer, energy and papers etc. The way to construct the circular agricultural industrial system is to increase the industrial systems that could utilize the products generated from crop straws, feces and other castoffs and transform the wastewater and other trucks into environmental friendly products. It has also been pointed out that the construction of circular economy industrial system is conducive to the foundation of circular industrial economics and the establishment of the construction layout of circular economy and the application schemes. Suggestions to the theoretical and practical work of the next step have also been brought forward in this paper.     

探讨电镀项目环境影响评价分析中的要点

本文就对电镀行业环评中需要注意的重点问题分析,探讨了当前政策的主要要求,这类的电镀项目在运作经营的期间是否会影响主要环境以及其排放标准有什么要求,在环境影响评价后要注意在运营期注意怎样的问题等.     

环境规制对企业竞争力的影响

除改进环境源效外．环境规恻对本国企业竟争力的影响也是政策恻定的关键影响因素。传统假设认为环境规铆会负面影响企业竞争力。波特假设认为在一定条件下。环境规制通过创新补偿与先动优势可提高企业竟争力。本文在提出问题的基础上，对上逮假设进行了剖析。然后讨论了该领域研究的新动向．即不确定性因素的存在对环境规恻与企业竟争力关采的影响。提出环境规制能否影响企业的竟争力还依赖于企业面临的内外部条件、环境管理动机等多种因素。     

The effects of job complexity and autonomy on cohesiveness in collectivistic and individualistic work groups: a cross‐cultural analysis

Increased job complexity and autonomy have often been associated with improved performance in work groups. This study examines the mediating effect of group cohesiveness. The moderating effects of individualism/collectivism on the relationship between job characteristics (both complexity and autonomy) and cohesiveness are also tested. The sample consists of 381 teams drawn from the Hong Kong and U.S. branches of an international bank. The findings indicate that an increase in job complexity and/or task autonomy will increase group cohesiveness, which subsequently translates to better performance. The positive effects of job complexity and autonomy on group cohesiveness are also found to be more prominent for individualistic rather than collectivistic work groups. The theoretical implications of the results and the limitations of the study are also discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同氮肥配施生物炭对镉污染土壤青菜镉吸收的影响

氮是作物生长的必需营养元素,生物炭是一种良好的土壤修复材料.以镉(Cd)污染农田土壤为对象,采用青菜盆栽试验研究尿素、硫酸铵和硝酸钙这3种氮肥配施生物炭对青菜生长和Cd吸收的影响.结果表明,施用氮肥和生物炭促进了青菜生长,与不施氮肥的对照处理相比,单施尿素、硫酸铵、硝酸钙和生物炭处理青菜生物量显著增加了5.02%～32.9%,不同氮肥配施生物炭处理青菜生物量比单施氮肥处理显著增加了8.84%～50.8%.单施尿素后土壤pH值比对照处理显著降低了0.27个单位,土壤有效态Cd含量显著增加了30.0%.单施硫酸铵后土壤pH值比对照处理显著降低了0.33个单位,青菜Cd含量显著增加了29.2%.单施硝酸钙对土壤pH值和青菜Cd含量无显著影响,而单施生物炭后土壤pH值比对照处理显著提高了0.35个单位,土壤有效态Cd含量和青菜Cd含量分别显著降低了57.4%和53.7%.氮肥配施生物炭处理土壤pH值比单施氮肥处理显著提高了0.14～0.28个单位,土壤有效态Cd含量和青菜Cd含量分别显著降低了16.5%～30.1%和15.3%～28.6%.总体来看,配施生物炭能够调节不同氮肥对污染土壤中Cd有...     

独流减河流域绿色基础设施空间格局与景观连通性分析的尺度效应

尺度效应是景观生态学研究的核心问题之一,是正确理解和感知景观格局与生态过程相互作用及其动态变化特征的基础.针对GI（绿色基础设施）进行空间格局与景观连通性分析具有强烈的尺度依赖性的问题,以天津市独流减河流域为例,利用ArcGIS 10.1、ENVI 5.3和eCognition 8.9软件进行面向对象土地利用分类,基于MSPA（形态学空间格局分析）方法和景观连通性分析方法,借助GuidosToolbox 2.6和Conefor 2.6软件,通过设置不同的粒度、边缘宽度和扩散距离,对2016年研究区GI的粒度效应、边缘效应和距离效应进行定量分析和评价.结果表明:①MSP（形态学空间格局）类型具有明显的粒度效应和边缘效应,较小的粒度和边缘宽度会得到更为详细的空间格局信息.②粒度效应改变GI像元的空间分布,会导致GI空间信息的丢失或增加,直接影响MSP类型的空间配置和量化关系;而边缘效应不会改变GI像元的空间分布,使得GI空间信息不发生改变,但对MSP类型的影响更为显著.③景观连通性与扩散距离具有直接关系,扩散距离越大,GI核心区景观连通性越高,当扩散距离增至一定程度时,所有核心区会连接成一个网络整体,景观连通性达到最大,研究区GI核心区的扩散距离关键值在2.5~4.5 km之间.研究显示,独流减河流域GI要素尺度效应明显但机理不同,基于MSPA和景观连通性分析方法能够更加直观地反映各景观类型和网络组分的空间变化特征和数值变化规律.      

碳添加对土壤固碳细菌群落结构及多样性的影响——以松嫩平原盐碱耕地为例

采用高通量测序技术,研究秸秆、生物炭和纳米碳3种碳源添加对盐碱耕地土壤固碳细菌群落结构及多样性的影响,并分析土壤化学性质与固碳细菌群落多样性的关系.结果表明：3种碳源添加均降低土壤固碳细菌群落多样性,其中生物炭和纳米碳添加的土壤固碳细菌的Chao1指数、物种多样性、Shannon指数及系统多样性值均高于秸秆添加的.3种碳源添加均降低土壤固碳细菌群落的物种丰度,其中纳米碳添加的物种丰度大于秸秆和生物炭添加的.在群落组成方面及相对丰度上,3种碳源添加后的优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）,均在纳米碳添加后相对丰度最高,分别为90.38%、57.79%.群落组间差异分析结果显示,秸秆和纳米碳添加后土壤固碳细菌群落结构差异显著.冗余分析结果表明,土壤固碳细菌群落结构受土壤pH值、有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮及有效磷的综合影响,其中土壤pH值和有效磷含量是影响土壤固碳细菌群落结构的主要化学性质.综合来看,在盐碱耕地中添加秸秆、生物炭或纳米碳,都抑制了土壤固碳细菌群落的多样性和物种丰度,但纳米碳能够增加土壤固碳细菌群落结构差异.     

Community dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale wastewater treatment system with nitrification stability

To determine whether the functional stability of nitrification was correlated to a stable community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, the AOB community dynamics in a wastewater treatment system was monitored over one year. The community dynamics were investigated using specific PCR followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the amoA gene. The T-RFLP results indicated that during the period of nitrification stability, the AOB community structure in the full-scale wastewater treatment system was relatively stable, and the average change rate every 15 d of the system was 6.6%±5.8%. The phylogenetic analysis of the cloned amoA gene showed clearly that the dominant AOB in the system was Nitrosomonas spp. The results of this study indicated that throughout the study period, the AOB community structure was relatively stable in the full-scale wastewater treatment system with functional stability of nitrification.