Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in adipose tissues of patients with uterine leiomyomas and the association of these pollutants with seafood diet, BMI, and age

Background, aim, and scope  

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals can cause diseases in women, however, the relationships of these pollutants and uterine leiomyomas (UL), which are non-cancerous tumors of the uterus, are unclear. This study focused on the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metals in subcutaneous and visceral fat obtained from patients with UL and in subcutaneous fat of a control group of women without UL to determine if there were any correlations between concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals and the incidence of UL.     

A 3D aerosol and visibility information system for urban areas using remote sensing and GIS

Currently, the depiction of urban air quality at boundary layer scale uses modelled climatic and land cover data. However, such models are difficult to verify, and only low to moderate accuracy may be achieved due to the complexity of the input data required and the reliance on assumptions about dispersion patterns. The provision of comprehensive air quality data to urban residents in city districts, at a level of detail commensurate with other Location-Based Services (LBS) which are time- and place-sensitive, has therefore not been possible. A method for urban air quality monitoring over cities at boundary layer scale, other than by the use of air quality models is presented here. The system presented uses empirical Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) data in near-real time, combining AOT data from AERONET with aerosol vertical profiles computed from twice-daily MODIS satellite images at 500 m resolution, to give three dimensional (3D) air quality data over the urban landscape. There has been no previous attempt to project the horizontal spatial distribution of aerosols from satellite image pixels into a vertical dimension to give a spatially comprehensive three dimensional record of air quality. The paper describes the sources and accuracy of the AOT data input to the system as well as its storage and retrieval on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, to provide air quality and visibility information according to user query at any 3D geographical location, including individual buildings or building floor.     

Bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in workplace dust and its implication for risk assessment

Human exposure to bioaccessible PCBs via indoor dust is limited around the world. In the present study, the workplace dust sample from commercial office, hospital, secondary school, shopping mall, electronic factory and manufacturing plant were collected from Hong Kong for PCBs analyses. Total PCBs concentrations ranged from 46.8 to 249 ng g⁻¹, with a median of 107 ng g⁻¹. Manufacturing plant showed the highest concentration among all of sampling sites. PCB 77 was found as the dominant congeners. The bioaccessibility of PCBs in small intestinal juice ranging from 8.3% to 26.0% was significantly higher than that in gastric condition, ranging from 4.8% to 12.4%. In addition, significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between K_OW and bioaccessibility for all workplace dust samples. Risk assessment indicated that the averaged daily dose of dioxin-like PCBs via non-dietary intake of workplace dust, considering the bioaccessibility of PCBs, were much lower than the TDI of dioxins (2.3 pg WHO-TEQ kg bw⁻¹ d⁻¹) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.     

发展我国环保产业的内在机制分析

通过环保产业发展的产业组织、驱动因素分析和运作方法探讨，指出政府是我国环保产业现阶段发展的主体，政府经营、企业实施是地方环保产业现阶段有效的发展模式，给出了具体的政企联合运作方法。     

Discordant results between fetal karyotyping and non-invasive prenatal testing by maternal plasma sequencing in a case of uniparental disomy 21 due to trisomic rescue

Uniparental disomy (UPD) is an uncommon chromosome condition, but UPD involving chromosome 21 is rarely reported. We reported here a case who had first trimester screening test for Down syndrome, chorionic villus sampling for fetal karyotyping, quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR), as well as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) by maternal plasma sequencing. There were discordant results between fetal karyotyping and NIPT due to UPD 21combined with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 21. This demonstrated that it is possible to detect placental mosaicism by NIPT, but further studies are required to confirm its sensitivity. Therefore, all positive NIPT results must be confirmed by conventional invasive test and karyotyping. QF-PCR has the additional benefit in diagnosing UPD. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于余震序列分布信息的地震极灾区快速判断方法研究

利用震级加权标准差椭圆法研究了基于震后短期内(24 h)余震序列判定地震极灾区的方法,研究结果表明:1利用该方法判断宏观震中是一种比较可行的方法,不同震源破裂方式的震例利用该方法判断宏观震中的精度不同,倾滑-近倾滑型破裂方式的震例利用余震序列判定宏观震中的精度最高;2整体上看,利用该方法判断极灾区长轴方向的准确性低于利用距震中最近活动断裂判断的准确性,但对于倾滑-近倾滑型破裂方式的震例,利用该方法的准确性高于利用断层数据判定的准确性。     

不同碳氮比条件下鸡粪和椰糠高温堆肥腐熟过程研究

用鸡粪和椰糠作为基本堆肥原料进行高温堆肥试验,通过控制鸡粪和椰糠的添加量调节堆体初始C/N比,研究其对堆肥过程中堆体温度、p H值、C/N比及养分全量等理化指标的影响,探究鸡粪和椰糠高温堆肥的最适C/N比。结果表明,当C/N比为25时,堆体达到最高温度(57℃),且高温持续时间最长(14 d)。堆肥过程中各处理有机质、全碳、C/N比均呈下降趋势,p H值均呈先上升后下降趋势,全氮和种子发芽指数呈上升趋势。堆肥结束后,堆体F1(初始C/N比为20)、F2(初始C/N比为25)和F3(初始C/N比为30)的C/N比分别为11.13、11.19和10.24,总养分含量w分别为7.94%、8.63%和8.29%,种子发芽指数分别为77.90%、100.65%和93.30%。     

聚苯乙烯微塑料单独或与镉共同暴露诱导肝细胞铁死亡

微塑料作为一种新型污染物,易吸附并富集环境中的重金属等,广泛存在于大气、土壤和水体环境中,对人体的危害正受到广泛关注.微塑料与其吸附污染物引发的复合毒性效应及机制是目前微塑料环境毒理学评价中亟待解决的科学问题.本研究以聚苯乙烯微塑料和镉为研究对象,考察其对新型细胞死亡方式-铁死亡的诱导作用,发现微塑料和镉暴露诱导肝细胞线粒体形态异常和线粒体嵴减少、GSH水平下降、脂质过氧化损伤以及关键铁死亡调节蛋白GPX4表达量降低,证实微塑料和镉暴露可诱导肝细胞发生铁死亡;同时不同铁死亡抑制剂及毒性检测指标的测定还表明,Cd²⁺主要通过抑制膜脂修复膜GPX4活性,引起脂质过氧化,导致铁死亡发生;聚苯乙烯微塑料主要通过刺激活性氧产生促进铁死亡;二者复合体可同时通过活性氧和抑制酶活等方式促进铁死亡发生,但其发生程度弱于Cd²⁺,可能是由于复合体中Cd²⁺呈吸附态降低其部分毒性所致.本文预期将为深入评价微塑料与镉的复合毒性效应提供数据支撑,同时为微塑料与其它共存的有毒组分的复合毒性效应及机制研究提供一定参考.     

长三角区域人为源活性挥发性有机物高分辨率排放清单

基于长三角区域41个城市本地实测,结合美国EPA的SPECIATE 4.4数据库,建立了长三角区域人为源活性挥发性有机物(VOCs)高分辨率排放清单,分析了区域内VOCs的排放特征和组分构成;计算了VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP).结果表明,2017年,长三角区域人为源VOCs排放总量为4.9×10⁶ t,其中工艺过程源、工业溶剂使用源、移动源、生活源、储运源、农业源和废弃物处理源排放贡献分别为：34.3%、27.1%、19.5%、9.7%、6.1%、2.5%和0.4%.芳香烃和烷烃是VOCs的主要种类,均各占长三角VOCs排放总量的25%.工艺过程源、工业溶剂使用源、移动源和生活源OFP贡献率分别为38.3%、21.5%、16.4%和13.2%,SOAP贡献率分别为26.2%、34.1%、18.1%和17.9%,与VOCs排放量的主要贡献源基本一致.各城市VOCs重点排放行业存在较大差异,重点城市群以石化化工和装备制造为主,区域北部则以木材家具等涂装行业为主.计算表明,丙烯、间/对-二甲苯和乙烯是臭氧主要贡献源;甲苯、1,2,...