垂序商陆叶细胞壁结合锰机制研究

垂序商陆是一种典型的锰超积累植物,细胞壁在其累积解毒锰的过程中起了一定的作用.通过细胞壁吸附实验,研究不同p H和不同锰浓度对细胞壁吸附锰的影响,并采用傅立叶红外光谱及同步辐射X-射线吸收光谱技术探讨了其吸附机制.结果表明,垂序商陆叶细胞壁吸附锰的最适p H值为5~6;其吸附行为可用Langmuir模型较好地描述(R2=0.978 5),并计算得其最大吸附量为62.50μmol·g-1.细胞壁上的羟基(—OH)和羰基(—CO)是结合锰的主要位点;锰周围第一配层为氧原子,其配位数为6.3,Mn—O键长为0.216 nm,细胞壁与锰主要以内配层模式相结合.     

模拟条件下侵蚀-沉积部位土壤CO2通量变化及其影响因素

了解土壤侵蚀与沉积对土壤CO_2通量的影响有助于正确评价侵蚀区域土壤和大气之间CO_2交换过程与机制.本试验于2014和2015年雨季(7~9月)在长武农田生态系统国家野外站进行,利用土壤碳通量测量系统LI-8100(LI-COR,Lincoln,NE,USA)和土壤温度及水分数据采集器(EM50,DECAGON,USA),测定侵蚀和沉积地貌下的土壤CO_2通量、土壤水分和温度,并采集径流泥沙.结果表明:1侵蚀区和沉积区土壤CO_2通量均值依次为1.05μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)和1.38μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),沉积区较侵蚀区增幅达31%(P0.05);沉积区土壤CO_2通量温度敏感性(8.14)是侵蚀区(2.34)3倍以上.2侵蚀区与沉积区土壤水分均值分别为0.21 m~3·m~(-3)和0.25 m~3·m~(-3),沉积区较侵蚀区提高19%(P0.05).尽管侵蚀区较沉积区土壤温度稍有提高(7%),但差异不显著.3泥沙中有机碳平均含量(7.26 g·kg~(-1))较试验之初(6.83 g·kg~(-1))提高6%.4土壤水分和土壤有机碳(SOC)在侵蚀区和沉积区的重新分布对土壤CO_2通量空间变异有重要影响.     

骨炭对铅的吸附性能研究

文章旨在研究骨炭对铅的吸附性能,为利用骨炭修复铅污染的土壤做出有意义的探索。研究了骨炭对铅的吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及砷、镉和其它因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:骨炭能在短时间内吸附大量的铅离子,实验用浙江骨炭和英国骨炭对铅的饱和吸附量分别为222.2mg/g和227.3mg/g,均高于有报道的其他类型炭;骨炭对铅的等温吸附符合兰格缪尔方程;在pH2.5～6之间,英国骨炭对铅的吸附量随pH的升高略有下降,浙江骨炭对铅的吸附量随pH的升高变化不大;当支持电解质KNO3的浓度在0.005～0.1mg/L范围内逐渐增大时,英国骨炭对铅的吸附量略有减小,而浙江骨炭的吸附量变化不大;100mg/L的砷和200mg/L的镉对骨炭吸附铅离子没有显著影响;骨炭对水溶液中铅离子的吸附过程是一个复杂的非均相固液反应。     

自然保护区庭院生态农业发展模式与效益分析——以湖北七姊妹山张记华户庭院经济为个案

本研究根据七姊妹山自然保护区资源环境现状,采用田野调查法,以七姊妹山自然保护区张记华户为研究对象,从微观尺度分析其庭院生态农业发展模式,评估其经济效益,探讨自然保护区原住户庭院经济可持续发展途径。以促进自然保护区与社区农户的的协调发展,实行经济、社会和生态三效益统一。并为自然保护区的管理与建设提供案例参考。     

煤泥水沉降实验研究

针对某选煤厂煤泥水难以自然沉降的问题,从煤泥水本身的矿物组成出发,探讨了絮凝的机理,通过理论分析和实验研究,选用了3种凝聚剂和3种絮凝剂对煤泥水进行絮凝沉降实验,研究出最佳的凝聚剂和絮凝剂以及最佳药剂配比,加速了煤泥水的沉降,实现了洗水闭路循环。     

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on the soil profile methane distribution and diffusion in rice-wheat rotation system

The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice–wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments:ambient conditions(CKs), CO_2 concentration elevated to ~ 500 μmol/mol(FACE),temperature elevated by ca. 2°C(T) and combined elevation of CO_2 concentration and temperature(FACE + T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season(p 0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m~2·hr) in the FACE,FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice–wheat field annual rotation ecosystem(p 0.05).     

沼液施用对麦稻茬口期土壤微生物群落结构特征及功能的影响

为揭示麦稻茬口期沼液施用对土壤微生物群落及功能的影响,通过土柱试验,设置麦秆还田后3种处理［无氮肥（CM）、常规施肥（SN）和添加沼液（SZ）］,采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了土壤淹水后1 d和21 d土壤细菌及真菌群落的组成、多样性和结构差异,并对其功能进行预测.微生物多样性分析表明,1 d时各处理的真菌α多样性指数均显著高于21 d处理且各处理间无显著差异;21 d时各处理细菌Simpson指数开始出现差异,SZ-21处理的细菌Simpson指数高于SN-21处理,而细菌Chao1指数显著低于SN-21处理;细菌群落结构分析表明,1 d时,SN处理的厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门和放线菌门与其它处理差异较大,而21d时,SZ和SN处理的各细菌菌门相对丰度相似;真菌群落结构分析表明,1 d时,SZ处理中的子囊菌门和接合菌门相对丰度高于SN和CM处理;21 d时,SN和SZ处理的子囊菌门相对丰度均低于CM处理,而接合菌门的相对丰度均高于CM处理.NMDS分析表明,21 d时,SN和SZ处理的细菌和真菌群落组成均有逐渐相似的趋势.PICRUSt功能分析表明,不同时期和不同处理的土壤细菌群落在功能层上表现相似,FUNGuild功能预测反映SZ-21和SN-21处理的真菌功能主要差异体现在腐生营养型和病理营养型上.综上说明茬口期施沼液在一定程度上可以替代化肥平衡土壤养分和维持土壤生态功能,但仍可能存在真菌致病风险.     

Preparation of reverse osmosis membrane with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties for desalination

• Nanoparticle incorporation and anti-biofouling grafting were integrated. • Flux of modified membranes was enhanced without rejection sacrificing. • Anti-biofouling property of modified membranes was improved. High performance is essential for the polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes during the desalination process. Herein, RO membranes with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties were fabricated by nanoparticles incorporation and anti-biofouling grafting. Hydrotalcite (HT) incorporation was performed with a dual role, enhancing water flux and acting as grafting sites. The HT incorporation increased the water flux without sacrificing the salt rejection, compensating for the loss caused by the following grafting reaction. The exposed surface of HT acted as grafting sites for anti-biofouling agent dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOTPAC). The combination of HT incorporation and DMOTPAC grafting endowed RO membranes with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties. The water flux of the modified membrane PA-HT-0.06 was 49.8 L/m²·h, which was 16.4% higher than that of the pristine membrane. The salt rejection of PA-HT-0.06 was 99.1%, which was comparable to that of the pristine membrane. As to the fouling of negatively charged lysozyme, the modified membrane’s water flux recovery was superior to that of the pristine membrane (e.g. 86.8% of PA-HT-0.06 compared to 78.2% of PA-pristine). The sterilization rates of PA-HT-0.06 for E. coli and B. subtilis were 97.3% and 98.7%, much higher than those of the pristine membrane (24.0% for E. coli and 26.7% for B. subtilis).     

Association of hearing loss with total and cause-specific mortality in US adults

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We expected to explore the associations of hearing loss and hearing thresholds at different frequencies with total and cause-specific mortality. In...     

Distribution coefficients of nitrogen pollutants between water and sediment and their environmental risks in Lingang hybrid constructed wetland fed by industrial tailwater,Tianjin, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exploring the fate of nitrogen pollutants in constructed wetlands (CWs) fed by industrial tailwater is significant to strengthen its pollution control...