Significant shifts in opinion regarding environmental protection from ionising radiation have resulted in the development and availability of bespoke approaches for the assessment of impacts on wildlife from radioactive contaminants. The application of such assessment methodologies to actual situations, however, remains relatively limited. This paper describes the implementation of the ERICA Integrated Approach and associated tools within the context of routine discharges of radioactive materials to a freshwater environment. The article follows the implementation through its relevant stages and discusses strengths and weaknesses of the approach in relation to the case study. For current discharge levels, 137Cs and 60Co constitute the main dose contributors to the majority of reference organisms studied, although 241Am and 3H are the main contributors for the phyto- and zooplankton categories. Patterns are observed depending on whether the reference organism is sediment-associated or not. At current discharge levels, none of the reference organisms exceeded or approached the selected screening level, and impacts on biota could be regarded as negligible. 相似文献
This study has evaluated the levels of natural radionuclides and chemical components of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Turkey). The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (137)Cs, (40)K, gross alpha and gross beta were found as 129, 33, 28, 714, 125 and 170 mBq L(-1), respectively. Due to consumption of mineral waters, the radiological impact of them on the inhabitants was calculated by taking the annual intake into account through ingestion of aforementioned radionuclides. The estimated effective doses from mineral water were found to be 13.20 μSv year(-1) ((226)Ra), 2.74 μSv year(-1) ((232)Th), 0.13 μSv year(-1) ((137)Cs) and 1.62 μSv year(-1) ((40)K). The overall contribution of these radionuclides to the committed effective dose from a year's consumption of mineral water in the region is therefore estimated to be only 17.69%, which is in concordance with the recommended WHO value (100 μSv year(-1)). The chemical analysis results showed that these waters contain Na, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn elements. These values were evaluated and compared with the internationally verified values. This study provides important information for consumers and authorities because of their internal radiochemical exposure risk from mineral water intake. 相似文献
The impact of the investment in absorptive capacity on transboundary pollution is studied by considering two countries, each
of them regulating a firm. Firms can invest in inventive research and in absorptive research to lower their pollution intensity.
The absorptive research enables a firm to capture part of the inventive research made by the other one. We show that by means
of adequate emission taxes, original and absorptive research and development (R&D) subsidies, regulators can reach the non-cooperative
social optimum. Interestingly, we show that the investment in absorptive research enables non-cooperating regulators to better
internalize transboundary pollution. The higher is the learning parameter of absorption, the greater is the proportion of
transboundary pollution internalized. Therefore, it is recommended for the international community to make the patent laws
more flexible and enabling learning from the research made by others more interesting. Moreover, the investment in absorptive
R&D may lead to multiple equilibria necessitating non-cooperating countries to coordinate on an equilibrium, which constitutes
an incentive for them to cooperate. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental degradation has severely affected the natural cycle of ecosystem. It’s high time now and humans should execute strategies... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research investigates the dynamic interactive associations among sustainable investment in the energy sector, air pollution, and sustainable... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we propose the development of a rapid and reliable method to control and to monitor microbial water quality. The methylene blue (MB)... 相似文献
The novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Understanding the airborne route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential for infection prevention and control. In this study, a total of 107 indoor air samples (45 SARS-CoV-2, 62 bacteria, and fungi) were collected from different wards of the Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Simultaneously, bacterial and fungal samples were also collected from the ambient air of hospital yard. Overall, 6 positive air samples were detected in the infectious 1 and infectious 2 wards, intensive care unit (ICU), computed tomography (CT) scan, respiratory patients’ clinic, and personal protective equipment (PPE) room. Also, airborne bacteria and fungi were simultaneously detected in the various wards of the hospital with concentrations ranging from 14 to 106 CFU m?3 and 18 to 141 CFU m?3, respectively. The highest mean concentrations of bacteria and fungi were observed in respiratory patients’ clinics and ICU wards, respectively. Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found between airborne bacterial concentration and the presence of SARS-CoV-2, while no significant correlation was found between fungi concentration and the virus presence. This study provided an additional evidence about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air of a hospital that admitted COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it was revealed that the monitoring of microbial quality of indoor air in such hospitals is very important, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, for controlling the nosocomial infections.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite the importance of remittance inflows as potential source of incomes for recipient households and one of main contributors to the development... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) are involved in several applications but still have some adverse effects. Apigenin (APG) is a widespread natural... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding the greenhouse gas emissions mechanism from the agricultural soils is essential to reach an agricultural system with a lower impact on... 相似文献