With activities that alter the structure and function of the habitat, humans have a direct impact on ecosystems and ecosystem
services, i.e., the conditions and processes that sustain human life. In this study, 35 townships in the Yanhe watershed in
the Loess Plateau of China were selected. The net primary production (NPP), carbon sequestration and oxygen production (CSOP),
water conservation, and soil conservation were the ecosystem services selected and valuated. Human activity was quantified
by an integrated human activity index (HAI) based on population density, farmland ratio, and the influence of road networks
and residential areas. The NPP, CSOP, and water conservation showed a conspicuous spatial pattern fanning outward from the
southwest, while the soil conservation showed an obscure spatial pattern distinguished primarily by the peripheral area surrounding
the urbanized areas. Total ecosystem services in the Yanhe watershed demonstrated a decreasing pattern from south to north,
and the HAI was in proportion to administrative and economic development. Based on the selected ecosystem services and HAI,
we mapped the townships of the Yanhe watershed by cluster analysis, and provided sustainable ecosystem management suggestions,
tailored to the social-ecological map. 相似文献
基于WebGIS平台的管理信息系统(Management Information System,简称MIS))是城市水体修复技术集成的重要工具,该系统包括数据管理平台、决策支持平台、公众交流平台和集成化管理平台。通过对城市水体修复技术集成的管理信息系统的结构和功能设计,以及系统架构设计,建立了城市水体修复技术集成管理信息系统(ComprehensiveIntegrated Method(CIM)for Urban Water Restoration(UWR)Management Information System(MIS),简称UWR-CIM-MIS.)。UWR-CIM-MIS集成了基础数据库、模型方法库以及专家库,可以为政府决策者提供充分的决策参考,适于推广到城市或区域水体修复的规划与管理之中。 相似文献
A pot experiment and a leaching experiment were conducted to investigate the effects of earthworms and pig manure on heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) immobility, in vitro bioaccessibility and leachability under simulated acid rain (SAR). Results showed manure significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), available phosphorus (AP), total N, total P and pH, and decreased CaCl2-extractable metals and total heavy metals in water and SAR leachate. The addition of earthworms significantly increased AP (from 0.38 to 1.7 mg kg?1), and a downward trend in CaCl2-extractable and total leaching loss of heavy metals were observed. The combined earthworm and manure treatment decreased CaCl2-extractable Zn, Cd, and Pb. For Na4P2O7-extractable metals, Cd and Pb were decreased with increasing manure application rate. Application of earthworm alone did not contribute to the remediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Considering the effects on heavy metal immobilization and cost, the application of 6% manure was an alternative approach for treating contaminated soils. These findings provide valuable information for risk management during immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils.