改性材料对土壤重金属污染修复的进展研究

化学修复是土壤重金属污染治理的技术手段之一,使用修复材料对土壤中的重金属进行吸附和固定是其进行土壤修复的主要途径.为了提高修复材料的性能,增强对重金属的吸附性和固定作用,减少土壤环境多样性对修复材料性能的影响,通过化学及物理方法对石灰石、磷酸盐等传统化学修复材料进行改性,提升在土壤修复中的性能,培育和筛选应用范围广、抗干扰性强,环境适应性好的改性材料是近一段时间在土壤修复方向研究的重点.     

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 Sequences Detected in Sewage from Treatment Plants of China

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in sewage samples in Shen Zhen, China. Sewage samples were collected from 152 sewage plants including livestock sewage, domestic sewage and treated sewage from May to July of 2015. Two of 152 samples were HEV positive (1.32%) from the livestock sewage plants. Partial ORF2 fragments of HEV were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA5.1. Blast and phylogenetic analyses showed that both of these two sequences belonged to HEV Genotype 4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the molecular characterization of HEV in wastewater in China and the first time to detect Genotype 4 in the sewage. Results from this study indicate that the possibilities of sporadic infections of HEV should be emphasized because virus still has the possibility to be circulating in the sewage in China.     

突发环境污染事故应急管理系统研究进展

突发环境污染事故应急管理系统被认为是应对事故的一种非常有前景的方法。本文讨论了构建该类系统的现实需求,并根据其关键模块所采用的技术,分类别地介绍了现有的突发环境污染事故应惠管理系统的开发情况和服务内容。在此基础上,指出了该领域尚未解决的问题,并对今后的研究前景进行了展望。     

突发事件应急资源管理应考虑的几个问题

在进行突发事件应急处置时,需要迅速地将应急资源运送到指定地点,否则,可能会贻误战机,造成更大的影响和损失。应急资源的选址、配置、调度和补充是应急资源管理中应考虑的几个重要因素,它直接影响到应对突发事件的时效性,是应急管理中的主要决策问题之一。     

炼化企业应急响应系统建设探讨

从系统建设角度讨论了炼化企业应急响应系统的目标需求、建设内容、技术方法和系统特点。     

新型除氟剂竹炭的优选和改性方法实验研究

采用不同产地的竹炭进行除氟研究,分别进行了直接除氟和改性后除氟的效果比较。在水浴恒温振荡箱,振荡速度100 r/min,温度30件下,保持固液比0.03,反应1.5 h,处理初始氟浓度10 mg/L的溶液,浙江丽水的机械竹炭的直接除氟效果比其它地方的竹炭都好,其对氟去除率为47.8%。通过该竹炭的直接除氟工艺参数优化结果可知,pH是影响竹炭除氟的关键因素,最佳值为4;随着竹炭量的增大,氟离子的去除率明显上升;氟离子的初始浓度增大,竹炭的单位吸附量也逐渐上升;反应时间为90 min时,反应逐渐趋于平衡。选用Al2（SO4）3对竹炭进行改性后,浙江丽水的机械竹炭的除氟率有很大的上升;采用MgSO4改性后各类竹炭除氟效果均有所下降。采用Fe2（SO4）3改性后,氟离子的去除率达到91.8%,剩余浓度为0.82 mg/L,达到国家饮用水的标准。     

社区可持续发展与公众参与

可持续发展是环境、社会、经济的共同发展。社区作为人类赖以生存的场所,社区可持续发展在可持续发展建设进程中具有十分重要的作用。而且社区可持续发展建设离不开公众的积极参与。本文通过阐明社区可持续发展的提出和意义,结合一定的实例,论述了社区可持续发展这一新的发展观的优越性,讨论了公众参与社区可持续发展建设的重要性,提出了完善公众参与社区可持续发展的对策。     

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10⁷ US/PJ and 4.26×10 < sup > 8 < /sup > US/PJ and 4.26×10⁸ US/TgCO₂eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10⁷ US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10 < sup > 4 < /sup > US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10⁴ US/GgCO₂eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性,最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准.     

A framework for investigating the air quality variation characteristics based on the monitoring data: Case study for Beijing during 2013–2016

In this study, an analysis framework based on the regular monitoring data was proposed for investigating the annual/inter-annual air quality variation and the contributions from different factors(i.e., seasons, pollution periods and airflow directions), through a case study in Beijing from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations(MC) of PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO had decreased with annual mean ratios of 7.5%, 28.6%, 4.6%and 15.5% from 2013 to 2016, respectively. Among seasons, the MC in winter contributed the largest fractions(25.8%～46.4%) to the annual MC, and the change of MC in summer contributed most to the inter-annual MC variation(IMCV) of PM_(2.5) and NO2. For different pollution periods, gradually increase of frequency of S-1(PM_(2.5), 0～ 75 μg/m~3) made S-1 become the largest contributor(28.8%) to the MC of PM_(2.5) in 2016, it had a negative contribution(-13.1%) to the IMCV of PM_(2.5); obvious decreases of frequencies of heavily polluted and severely polluted dominated(44.7% and 39.5%) the IMCV of PM_(2.5). For different airflow directions, the MC of pollutants under the south airflow had the most significant decrease(22.5%～62.5%), and those decrease contributed most to the IMCV of PM_(2.5)(143.3%),SO2(72.0%), NO_2(55.5%) and CO(190.3%); the west airflow had negative influences to the IMCV of PM_(2.5), NO_2 and CO. The framework is helpful for further analysis and utilization of the large amounts of monitoring data; and the analysis results can provide scientific supports for the formulation or adjustment of further air pollution mitigation policy.