近40年陕西省农田土壤有机质时空变化及其影响因素

了解农田土壤有机质的时空动态变化对促进农田生态系统绿色发展具有重大意义。本研究对陕西省耕地土壤有机质含量进行测定,以期探讨长期耕种下陕西省农田土壤有机质时空变化特征及其影响因素。于2017年采集耕层土样705份,采用重铬酸钾氧化—外加热法测定其有机质含量,并运用ArcGIS 10.5和GS+9.0软件进行了数据分析。结果表明：陕西省耕地土壤有机质平均含量为15.90 g·kg^?1,4级水平占比最大;不同行政区有机质含量排序为：汉中＞西安＞安康＞咸阳＞宝鸡＞商洛＞渭南＞铜川＞延安＞榆林;陕西省各市有机质含量较20世纪80年代均有不同程度的提升,其中汉中市提升幅度最大;陕西省农田土壤有机质具有强烈的空间自相关性,最优拟合模型为高斯模型,呈现南高北低的空间分布特征;结构性因素（坡度、海拔、经度、纬度）和随机性因素（施肥、耕作、秸秆还田等）共同作用导致了陕西省农田土壤有机质的空间分布差异,不同类型土壤有机质含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。本研究为指导陕西省低碳农业的发展及实现碳达峰与碳中和提供了一定的科学依据。     

初始pH值对连续投加铝盐混凝去除小分子有机物的影响机制

以污水厂二级出水中小分子有机物强化混凝去除为目的,提出了连续投加混凝工艺(CDC),并以水杨酸为模型小分子有机物,研究了初始pH值对CDC工艺去除效果的影响以及铝离子与水杨酸的络合特性.结果表明,初始pH值6时CDC工艺的去除率最高,比常规混凝工艺提升了13.8%.但是初始pH值5和7时CDC工艺的提升效果较小.三维荧光结果表明,不同pH值下水杨酸和铝离子的络合特性不同.X射线光电子能谱和电喷雾质谱结果表明,pH值5时CDC工艺前期主要生成1:1络合物Al(OH)(C₇H₄O₃)(H₂O)₂.其络合作用强烈,稳定性较高,难以从水中去除.pH值6时前期主要生成中等聚合铝(如原位Al₁₃),其与水杨酸形成的络合物可以参与到铝离子的生长过程,最终生成表面崎岖形态松散的珊瑚礁状絮体,强化了水杨酸的去除.pH值7时,主要生成不定形氢氧化铝,通过絮体表面吸附小分子有机物.     

Cross-boundary transport and source apportionment for PM2.5 in a typical industrial city in the Hebei Province, China: A modeling study

Cross-boundary transport of air pollution is a difficult issue in pollution control for the North China Plain. In this study, an industrial district (Shahe City) with a large glass manufacturing sector was investigated to clarify the relative contribution of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) to the city's high levels of pollution. The Nest Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS), paired with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), was adopted and applied with a spatial resolution of 5 km. During the study period, the mean mass concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂, and NO₂ were observed to be 132.0, 76.1, and 55.5 μg/m³, respectively. The model reproduced the variations in pollutant concentrations in Shahe at an acceptable level. The simulation of online source-tagging revealed that pollutants emitted within a 50-km radius of downtown Shahe contributed 63.4% of the city's total PM_2.5 concentration. This contribution increased to 73.9±21.2% when unfavorable meteorological conditions (high relative humidity, weak wind, and low planetary boundary layer height) were present; such conditions are more frequently associated with severe pollution (PM_2.5 ≥ 250 μg/m³). The contribution from Shahe was 52.3±21.6%. The source apportionment results showed that industry (47%), transportation (10%), power (17%), and residential (26%) sectors were the most important sources of PM_2.5 in Shahe. The glass factories (where chimney stack heights were normally < 70 m) in Shahe contributed 32.1% of the total PM_2.5 concentration in Shahe. With an increase in PM_2.5 concentration, the emissions from glass factories accumulated vertically and narrowed horizontally. At times when pollution levels were severe, the horizontally influenced area mainly covered Shahe. Furthermore, sensitivity tests indicated that reducing emissions by 20%, 40%, and 60% could lead to a decrease in the mass concentration of PM_2.5 of of 12.0%, 23.8%, and 35.5%, respectively.     

磺胺嘧啶和盐酸四环素对四种赤潮藻生长的影响

本文以锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）、米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）、球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）为研究对象,实验室条件下对比研究了磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶钠（SMS）和盐酸四环素（TC）暴露下4种赤潮藻的细胞增长、光合色素组成以及最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）等的变化规律。研究结果表明:4种赤潮藻在SMS和TC（7.5～240 mg/L）暴露组细胞密度均未出现半抑制效应,SMS对4种赤潮藻细胞密度的最大抑制效应范围为5.47%～36.26%,略高于TC的最大抑制效应0～35.21%（球形棕囊藻无抑制效应）;藻细胞叶绿素含量在抗生素暴露下均显著下降,但作为抗氧化剂和捕光色素的类胡萝卜素含量则显著增加;低浓度（<50 mg/L）TC暴露下,4种赤潮藻Fv/Fm均显著下降;TC（<30 mg/L）暴露下,4种赤潮藻细胞密度最大促进作用范围为11.30%～38.89%,球形棕囊藻细胞密度增加比例最高;赤潮藻对抗生素的响应存在显著的种间差别,两种抗生素暴露对球形棕囊藻生长的抑制效应明显低于其他3种赤潮藻,高浓度抗生素残留对浮游植物群落演替存在较强的干扰作用。     

Highly Oriented Thermoplastic Poly (vinyl alcohol) Films by Uniaxial Drawing: Effect of Stretching Temperature and Draw Ratio

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - With the advantages of excellent processability and biodegradability, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) becomes an environmentally friendly and biocompatible...     

A novel speed model for safety evaluation of freeway alignment in Euclidean 3D space

Objective: Operating speed is a critical indicator to evaluate consistency of road alignment and safety. Although extensive studies have been conducted on developing operating speed models, few researchers have considered the interactive influence of horizontal and vertical alignment in 3D space. The purpose of this study is to develop a speed model based on 3D alignment in Euclidean space rather than traditional horizontal and vertical alignment.

Methods: According to the curve theory of differential geometry, a novel method to estimate operating speed is proposed in our study using 3D space curvature instead of traditional horizontal or vertical parameters to describe the spatial geometric properties for a freeway alignment. Speeds of 54 different alignment segments are observed to develop the speed model. Several observing sites of each segment are selected beforehand, and the speeds of more than 300 vehicles in each site are observed. Space curvature is used as an important index to estimate operating speed.

Results: The findings of this study indicated that both horizontal alignment and vertical alignment contribute to space curvature. Space curvature mainly affects direction control operating performance. However, vehicles overcome the effects of gravity along the vertical alignment in the z direction. Results indicate that operating speed exponentially declines with space curvature and that quadratic parabola decline with vertical grade.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a clear correlation between velocity and spatial curvature, which is proved by variance analysis. The estimation results of the speed models are reliable as tested using a real engineering example. The study would provide a scientific basis for safety evaluation of freeway alignment.     

Nitrogen process in stormwater bioretention: the impact of alternate drying and rewetting on nitrogen migration and transformation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen migration and transformation in the stormwater bioretention system were studied in laboratory experiments, in which the effects of...     

Optimized production and characterization of cation-independent bioflocculant produced by Klebsiella sp. 59L

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The cation-independent bioflocculant (59LF) extracted from Klebsiella sp. 59L was characterized. 59LF consisted of protein (4.8%) and total sugar...     

尾矿库安全生产红线划定研究

我国自开展尾矿库专项整治和综合治理行动以来,取得了显著成效,但尾矿库安全风险仍在逐渐增加,易诱发重特大事故,急需进一步研究其安全科技支撑技术。以尾矿库自身安全、堆排现状、溃坝影响、调洪能力等安全生产防控为研究出发点,整合高分对地观测技术、三维激光扫描技术和设计规范,研究划定了尾矿库上游汇水红线、最终堆排红线、下游影响红线、干滩警戒红线等四条安全生产红线。通过案例分析表明,研究划定的尾矿库安全生产红线能够有效地排查尾矿库区域性安全风险。