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261.
Lluís Cirera Francisco Cirarda Laia Palència Marisa Estarlich Agustín Montes-Martínez Pedro Lorenzo Antonio Daponte-Codina Gonzalo López-Abente 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):591-596
Controversy exists as to whether working or living in the vicinity of a petroleum refinery (RF) increases the risk of haematological cancer (HC). The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register obliges petroleum refineries to notify their emissions of toxic substances which include carcinogenic substances. Our objective is to determine if living in the proximity of an RF is associated with a greater risk of mortality due to HC in the census tracts (CTs) of the Spanish cities of Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, La Coruña, Huelva, and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. This is an ecological study of mortality in the years 1996–2007 which includes 968 CTs with 1,263,371 inhabitants. Exposure has been measured as the distance from the centroid of each CT to the RF. The Besag–York–Mollié autoregressive spatial model has been fitted by R-INLA to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95 % credible intervals (95 % CrI) for distance in quintiles. The most distant quintile has been taken as the reference. A total of 2,574 persons died of HC. The distances from the CTs to RFs ranged from 0.5 to 22.5 km (median?=?7.6 km). All of the RRs for the quintiles of distances in Huelva were greater than 1. Statistically significant excess risk was shown in Cartagena in the nearest CT (1.8 to 6.8 km; RR?=?1.43, 95 % CrI 1.02 to 2.02). Radial effects have not been detected between the CT of residence and the petroleum RF in mortality due to HC in any of the cities. 相似文献
262.
263.
The Salí River Basin in north-west Argentina (7,000 km2) is composed of a sequence of Tertiary and Quaternary loess deposits, which have been substantially reworked by fluvial and
aeolian processes. As with other areas of the Chaco-Pampean Plain, groundwater in the basin suffers a range of chemical quality
problems, including arsenic (concentrations in the range of 12.2–1,660 μg L−1), fluoride (50–8,740 μg L−1), boron (34.0–9,550 μg L−1), vanadium (30.7–300 μg L−1) and uranium (0.03–125 μg L−1). Shallow groundwater (depths up to 15 m) has particularly high concentrations of these elements. Exceedances above WHO (2011) guideline values are 100% for As, 35% for B, 21% for U and 17% for F. Concentrations in deep (>200 m) and artesian groundwater
in the basin are also often high, though less extreme than at shallow depths. The waters are oxidizing, with often high bicarbonate
concentrations (50.0–1,260 mg L−1) and pH (6.28–9.24). The ultimate sources of these trace elements are the volcanic components of the loess deposits, although
sorption reactions involving secondary Al and Fe oxides also regulate the distribution and mobility of trace elements in the
aquifers. In addition, concentrations of chromium lie in range of 79.4–232 μg L−1 in shallow groundwater, 129–250 μg L−1 in deep groundwater and 110–218 μg L−1 in artesian groundwater. All exceed the WHO guideline value of 50 μg L−1. Their origin is likely to be predominantly geogenic, present as chromate in the ambient oxic and alkaline aquifer conditions. 相似文献
264.
Rose N. L. Shilland E. Yang H. Berg T. Camarero L. Harriman R. Koinig K. Lien L. Nickus U. Stuchlík E. Thies H. Ventura M. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):251-260
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles(SCPs) are produced only from high temperaturecombustion of fossil-fuels. In mountain lakesystems, they provide an unambiguous indicator ofatmospheric deposition. In order to comparedepositional fluxes of SCPs between mountainareas experiencing various pollutant regimes,intensive bulk deposition sampling was undertakenat five sites across Europe. Catchment soil coresand lake sediment cores were also taken at eachsite to compare SCP storage over the post-industrial period. Atmospheric, sediment and soilSCP data showed similar patterns. Highestcontamination was found in Scotland, Slovakia andSpain with the Austrian site intermediate and themid-Norwegian site least contaminated. A highproportion of accumulated SCPs were found to bestored in catchment soils at each site.Therefore, a significant increase in soilerosion, possibly as a result of future climatechange, could lead to the input of largequantities of catchment stored SCPs and, byimplication, other atmospherically depositedcontaminants to the lake ecosystem. 相似文献
265.
266.
Nectar acquisition in the honeybee Apis mellifera is a partitioned task in which foragers gather nectar and bring it to the hive, where nest mates unload via trophallaxis
(i.e. mouth-to-mouth transfer) the collected food for further storage. Because forager mates exploit different feeding places
simultaneously, this study addresses the question of whether nectar unloading interactions between foragers and hive-bees
are established randomly, as it is commonly assumed. Two groups of foragers were trained to exploit a different scented food
source for 5 days. We recorded their trophallaxes with hive-mates, marking the latter ones according to the forager group
they were unloading. We found non-random probabilities for the occurrence of trophallaxes between experimental foragers and
hive-bees, instead, we found that trophallactic interactions were more likely to involve groups of individuals which had formerly
interacted orally. We propose that olfactory cues present in the transferred nectar promoted the observed bias, and we discuss
this bias in the context of the organization of nectar acquisition: a partitioned task carried out in a decentralized insect
society. 相似文献
267.
Wagner G. Moravia Míriam C.S. Amaral Liséte C. Lange 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(1):89-101
A high content of refractory organic matter, ammonia and toxic compounds is characteristic of landfill leachate. Advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) are an attractive alternative for landfill leachate treatment. However, when applied as a unique process treatment, they do not provide a complete solution for the effluent treatment. Combining AOP with a membrane separation process (MSP) presents a number of benefits and provides an adequate solution for this problem. With this in mind, the present work aims to evaluate, using a bench scale, leachate treatability through AOP by Fenton’s reagent (AOP/Fenton) combined with microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF). A high efficient removal of COD (63%), true color (76%) and humic substances (50%) was observed during AOP/Fenton under optimized conditions (1.7 g H2O2/g CODraw leachate; FeSO4·7H2O:H2O2 = 1:5.3; pH = 3.8; reaction conditions = 115 rpm/28 min). According to the evaluated parameters, MSP presented an efficient complementary treatment, in which the integrity of the stages was sufficient for reaching regulatory levels in the effluent (Deliberação Normativa Conjunta COPAM/CERH-MG No. 1, May 5, 2008). 相似文献
268.
Ivan S. Ristić Ljiljana Tanasić Ljubiša B. Nikolić Suzana M. Cakić Olivera Z. Ilić Radmila Ž. Radičević Jaroslava K. Budinski-Simendić 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(2):419-430
Different synthesis methods were applied to determine optimal conditions for polymerization of (3S)-cis-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (l-lactide), in order to obtain poly(l-lactide) (PLLA). Bulk polymerizations (in vacuum sealed vessel, high pressure reactor and in microwave field) were performed
with tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as the initiator. Synthesis in the vacuum sealed vessel was carried out at the temperature of
150 °C. To reduce the reaction time second polymerization process was carried out in the high pressure reactor at 100 °C and
at the pressure of 138 kPa. The third type of rapid synthesis was done in the microwave reactor at 100 °C, using frequency
of 2.45 GHz and power of 150 W at the temperature of 100 °C. The temperature in this method was controlled via infrared system
for in-bulk measuring. The solution polymerization (with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as initiator) was possible even at
the temperature of 40 °C, yielding PLLA with narrow molecular weight distribution in a very short period of time (less than
6 h). The obtained polymers had the number-average molecular weights ranging from 43,000 to 178,000 g mol−1 (polydispersity index ranging from 1 to 3) according to the gel permeation chromatography measurements. The polymer structure
was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the obtained polymers were investigated
using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. 相似文献
269.
Salas-Zapata Walter Posada-Castaño Anny Mejía-Durango Diana 《The Environmentalist》2021,41(4):487-500
Environment Systems and Decisions - Natural resources are a type of good whose individual utility maximization is not desirable, as it could lead to their depletion. This problem, raised several... 相似文献
270.
Osuna MB van Hullebusch ED Zandvoort MH Iza J Lens PN 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(4):1256-1270
A sequential extraction procedure was applied to two anaerobic methanogenic sludges (Eerbeek and Nedalco) to examine the speciation of micro- and macronutrients in the sludges after cobalt sorption by exposing the sludge to a 1 mM Co solution for 4 d at pH 7 and 30 degrees C. The effect of different physicochemical conditions on cobalt sorption was studied as well: effect of pH (6-8), effect of competition by a second trace element (Ni or Fe), modification of the granular matrix by glutaraldehyde or heat treatment, and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) addition. Sorbed Co was found to distribute between the carbonates, organic matter + sulfides, and residual fractions. Cobalt adsorption resulted in an antagonistic interaction with other metals present in the granular matrix, evidenced by the solubilization of other trace elements (e.g., Ni, Cu, and Zn) as well as macronutrients (especially Ca and Fe). Modification of the sludge matrix by glutaraldehyde or heat treatment, or exposure to EDTA, led to serious modifications of the Co sorption capacity and strong interactions with multivalent cations (i.e., Ca(2+) and Fe(2+)). 相似文献