全文获取类型
收费全文 | 225篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 9篇 |
废物处理 | 16篇 |
环保管理 | 21篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
基础理论 | 57篇 |
污染及防治 | 73篇 |
评价与监测 | 23篇 |
社会与环境 | 10篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有232条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Charlie M. Shackleton Fiona Parkin Maphambe I. Chauke Linda Downsborough Ashleigh Olsen Gregg Brill Craig Weideman 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):229-240
Harvesting of non-timber forest products is an integral component of rural livelihoods throughout the developing world. At
times this is at odds with conservation objectives. Reconciliation of the two requires examination of local level contexts
and needs. This paper reports on the harvesting needs for Ischyrolepis by a rural community in South Africa, against the setting that they had recently been prohibited from harvesting by the local
conservation officials. Interviews were conducted with conservation officials to understand the reasoning for the prohibition.
Local demand for Ischyrolepis was assessed by household surveys, as well as in-depth interviews with traders. The density and size class distribution of
Ischyrolepis was determined using transects. The total annual demand for Ischyrolepis was determined to be approximately only 2.7% of the standing crop. The bulk of the annual demand was for small-scale trade,
the income from which was a primary source of income for the few harvesters. Very little evidence could be found indicating
that harvesting was damaging the resource or its habitat, and local knowledge suggested that the abundance of the species
was stimulated by harvesting. Even if market demand were to increase, the size of the shoots required means that less than
20% of the standing crop could be harvested annually. Current regulations around harvesting are in a state of revision, and
hence confusion prevails regarding if harvesting is permissible, and if so, under what conditions, which is detrimental to
both conservation and livelihoods.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
62.
Artemia franciscana was grown on Isochrysis galbana Green (clone T. Iso) at saturated food concentrations (13 to 20 mg C l−1) for 11 d at 26 to 28 °C, and 34 ppt salinity. Three groups of brine shrimp were used in the feeding experiments: metanauplius
III and IV (Group 1), post-metanauplius II and III (Group 2) and post-metanauplius VIII (Group 3), corresponding to 4-, 7-
and 11-d-old animals, respectively. The ingestion rate, clearance rate and carbon balance were estimated for these stages
at different concentrations of 14C-labeled I. galbana ranging from 0.05 to 30 mg C l−1. The handling time of algae was determined for all three groups. The ingestion rate (I, ng C ind−1 h−1) increased as a function of animal size and food concentration. In all three groups, the ingestion rate increased to a maximum
level (I
max) and remained constant at food concentrations ≥10 mg C l−1 (saturated food concentrations). The clearance rate (CR, μl ind−1 h−1) increased with increasing food concentration up to a maximum rate (CR
max), after which it decreased for even higher food concentrations. The functional response of A. franciscana was most consistent with Holling's Type 3 functional response curve (sigmoidal model), which for the two oldest groups (Group 2
and 3) differed significantly from a Type 2 response (p < 0.05). The gut passage time for the three groups of A. franciscana, feeding on saturated food concentration (20 mg C l−1), varied between 24 and 29 min. As the nauplii developed to pre-adult stage the handling time of the algae increased as a
function of animal size. The assimilation rate (ng C ind−1 h−1) in the youngest stages (Group 1 and 2) increased with increasing food concentrations, reaching a maximum level close to
10 mg C l−1. At higher food concentrations the assimilation rate decreased, and the proportions of defecated carbon increased, reaching
60 to 68% in the post-metanauplius stages (Group 3). The assimilation efficiency (%) was high at the lowest food concentrations
in all three groups (89 to 64%). At higher concentrations, the assimilation efficiency decreased, reaching 56 to 38% at the
highest concentrations.
Received: 2 February 2000 / Accepted: 25 March 2000 相似文献
63.
There are very few construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling centres in Brazil. To encourage the building and operation of new units, data were collected and analysed relating to C&D waste management and recycling in Brazil. Based on the results of this analysis, a conceptual model is presented for conducting viability studies of future C&D waste recycling centres. Applying this model to verify the viability of private recycling centres, the results show that under current market conditions in Brazil, C&D waste recycling centres are not financially feasible based solely on revenue from the sale of processed products. Nevertheless, under the same market conditions, the recycling centres could be economically viable for public authorities depending on the particular circumstances of each municipality. The feasibility, however, depends on continuity and the production volume reached. The conceptual model, the results of its applications and the discussions about the experiences of existing centres can strongly support public authorities and private initiatives in their decision-making about investments in Brazil and in other developing countries. 相似文献
64.
Branco V Vale C Canário J Santos MN 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,150(3):373-380
Muscle, liver and stomach contents of 64 blue sharks and 52 swordfishes, caught between September 2004 and February 2005 near the Azores (area A) and the Equator (area E), were analysed for mercury and selenium. Levels of mercury were relatively high (blue shark: 0.032-2.5microgg(-1); swordfish: 0.031-9.8microgg(-1)) and comparable to values reported in the literature. However, mercury and organic mercury concentrations in muscle and liver of specimens from E were significantly higher than those from A. A similar trend was registered in stomach contents, suggesting higher uptake of Hg in specimens from E. This difference was also observed in the relationship between concentration in muscle and size, indicating a higher accumulation rate in specimens from E. The accumulation of Se in the liver of both species showed a positive correlation with inorganic mercury concentrations, pointing to a detoxifying mechanism of organic mercury in these species through Se-Hg liasons. 相似文献
65.
Thallium is a scarce, highly toxic element. There are several investigations that report Tl accumulation in plants of the family Brassicaceae. These plants could pose a risk in areas where Tl is present at higher concentrations than normal soils. The present study reports analyses of two wild Brassicaceae, Hirschfeldia incana and Diplotaxis catholica, growing spontaneously at five sampling sites moderately polluted with Tl and other trace elements in the Green Corridor of the Guadiamar river, Seville, S. Spain. In general, trace element content was unremarkable in all part plants, despite the concentrations present in soil. Thallium was the only element whose concentration in both plant species was above normal for plants (maximum values of 5.00 mgkg(-1) in H. incana flowers). There were significant positive correlations between total Tl in soil and Tl in both plant species. Transfer Coefficients (TC) for all elements were, in general, <1 for both species, except for Tl in flowers and fruits at some sites. The highest Enrichment Factor (EF) was found for Tl in H. incana fruits (EF = 607) and D. catholica flowers (EF = 321). H. incana was studied in a previous growing season (2004) in the same area, although the rainfall was 3 times more than in the year of the present study (2005), giving a maximum Tl content of 46.5 mgkg(-1) in H. incana flowers. The data presented here show that Tl content of plants growing in semi-arid conditions can be significantly influenced by precipitation. In dry years, plant Tl accumulation may be significantly reduced. 相似文献
66.
David P. Larsen Anthony R. Olsen Steven H. Lanigan Chris Moyer Kim K. Jones Thomas M. Kincaid 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(2):384-397
Abstract: Multiple agencies in the Pacific Northwest monitor the condition of stream networks or their watersheds. Some agencies use a stream “network” perspective to report on the fraction or length of the network that either meets or violates particular criteria. Other agencies use a “watershed” perspective to report on the health or condition of watersheds. The agencies often use the same indicators and measurement protocols for data collection and often conduct monitoring in overlapping geographic regions. In these situations, agencies would like to combine data across different monitoring studies in a statistically sound manner to make regional estimates of condition. Three statistical survey design principles will facilitate combining such studies: (1) a clearly specified statistical target population of interest, including elements that comprise the population, (2) a consistent representation of that target population (such as a digital map of the stream network and watersheds), and (3) rules that incorporate randomization to guide the selection of the sample of sites on which measurements will be made. A case study illustrates the application of these design principles using two agency monitoring programs interested in combining stream channel data for different purposes: one for making network summaries and the other for evaluating watershed condition. 相似文献
67.
The toxicity of pesticides has been evaluated by several methods including tests with earthworms in both artificial and natural soils treated with the compounds. The ecological niches of earthworms make them good bioindicators of soil contamination. The bioaccumulation of 14C-simazine (6-chloro-N2-N4-diethyl- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was evaluated in earthworms (Eisenia foetida) maintained during three months in two substrates with different physical-chemical characteristics. The substrates were treated with 3.0 mg and 330 kBq of 14C-simazine kg(-1) substrate. Results indicated that worms did not influence simazine dissipation in both substrates as indicated by similar recoveries and with no statistical differences with and without earthworms. The radiocarbon recoveries were 86.8 and 95.3%, respectively in the substrates with lower and higher organic matter contents with earthworms, and 91.0 and 107.4% in the same substrates without worms. However, in earthworms the recoveries were statistically higher when they were maintained in the substrate with lower amount of organic matter (0.89%) than from the higher one (0.33%). Consequently, 14C-simazine bioconcentration factor (BCF) was also greater in the substrate with lower organic matter (6.89+/-1.55) than in the substrate with higher organic matter content (0.88+/-0.06). The results suggest that the higher soil organic matter content will cause lower probability of contamination of soil organisms with simazine. 相似文献
68.
Rodríguez-Iglesias J Vázquez I Marañón E Castrillón L Sastre H 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(2):173-180
A general methodology is established that permits the characterization and evaluation of the optimum potential of biogas extraction at each vertical well in the sanitary landfill of Asturias, Spain. Twenty wells were chosen from a total of 225 for the study, and the maximum production flow of biogas, which is a result of the degradation of the municipal solid waste deposited within its area of influence, was determined for each well. It was found that this flow varied with time and is characteristic of each extraction well. The maximum extractable flow also was determined as a function of the composition of the biogas needed for its subsequent utilization. The biogas extraction yield in the wells under study varied between approximately 26 and 97%, with a mean recovery value of 82%. The low yields found in certain cases were generally caused by a sealing defect, which leads to excessive incorporation of air into the landfill gas through the surrounding soil or through the extraction shaft, and which make its subsequent utilization difficult. 相似文献
69.
In this paper we examine the use of data augmentation techniques for simplifying iterative simulation in the context of both
Bayesian and classical statistical inference for survival rate estimation. We examine two distinct model families common in
population ecology to illustrate our ideas, ring-recovery models and capture–recapture models, and we present the computational
advantage of this approach. We discuss also the fact that problems associated with identifiability in the classical framework
can be overcome using data augmentation, but highlight the dangers in doing so under both inferential paradigms.
相似文献
I. C. OlsenEmail: |
70.