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401.
Elisabetta de Alteriis Annarita Falang Stefania Galdiero Marco Guid Valeria Maselli Emilia Galdiero 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):138-145
The toxic effects of gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin(Au NPs-indolicidin) towards the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the major eukaryotic model organisms, have been evaluated. Growth and survival,genotoxicity, as measured by comet assay, and expression of the YCA1, an apoptosis indicating gene, following 72 hr exposure of yeast to Au NPs-indolicidin, and to Au NPs and indolicidin alone have been examined. The gold nanoparticles exerted toxicity with DNA damage, accompanied by reactive oxygen species production(ROS), but they do not inhibit yeast growth and viability. Genotoxicity was less pronounced for surface-functionalized nanoparticles, showing that S. cerevisiae is quite resistant to the complex Au NPs-indolicidin.A progressive reduction of the genotoxic effect was observed along 72 hr exposure,presumably due to the activation of DNA repair mechanisms. These findings suggest the occurrence of a physiological protective response of S. cerevisiae towards nanoparticles,thereby providing useful information to the assessment of the environmental impact of metal nanoparticles. 相似文献
402.
Alexandre Marco da Silva Lucas Hubacek Tsuchiya Pablo Bettio Mendes Thiago Philipe de Camargo e Timo Artemio Cerd 《环境质量管理》2019,29(1):125-137
Soil erosion and the invasion of exotic plant species are major constraints to achieve sustainable development around the world. Currently, we find few products devoted concomitantly to combatting soil erosion as well as the establishment of unwanted exotic plants. In this paper, we introduce a new product, called herein a bioblanket, that protects the soil and impedes the establishment of exotic plant species. This product is of simple design, and to manufacture it, we use two biodegradable materials: jute tissue and grass wastes. We designed this product to combat soil erosion and the germination and establishment of new, unwanted, invasive plant species. In this paper, we describe our evaluation of how successful this product was in terms of improving the chemical attributes of soil. We also identified the product's potentialities and weaknesses by means of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The bioblanket ameliorated the chemical attributes of the soil, as evidenced especially by the neutralization of acidity (8.5%) and aluminum toxicity (33%), and by an increment in nutrients concentration. We argue that after adequate treatment and management, the residues of plants that are normally considered unwanted materials can be transformed into a raw material to control the propagation of unwanted plant species, and concomitantly control soil erosion while improving the chemical conditions of the soil. The improvement of the soil chemical attributes was one of the main positive effects reported through the SWOT analysis. In addition, the SWOT analysis revealed some features that need improvement in future generations of the product, but we argue that these features do not impede the benefits for the use of the product in its present form. 相似文献
403.
Gleditsia triacanthos and the native dominant Lithraea ternifolia in montane forests of central Argentina, considering life history and demographic traits of both the alien and the native
species and different site conditions for population growth (good and bad sites). Matrix models are applied to project the
consequences of differences in vital rates for population growth. Analyzing these models helps identify which life cycle transitions
contributed most to population growth. Obtained population growth rates are considered to assess predicted rates of spread
using the reaction-diffusion (R-D) model. G. triacanthos presents many of the life history traits that confer plants high potential for invasiveness: fast growth, clonal and sexual
reproduction, short juvenile period, high seed production, and high seed germinability. These traits would ensure G. triacanthos invasive success and the displacement of the slow-growing, relatively less fecund native L. ternifolia. However, since disturbance and environmental heterogeneity complicate the invasibility pattern of G. triacanthos in these montane forests, the outcome of the invasion process is not straightforward as could be if only life history traits
were considered.
Great variation in demographic parameters was observed between populations of each species at good and bad sites. Though both
good and bad sites signified increasing or at least stable populations for G. triacanthos, for L. ternifolia bad sites represented local extinction. Analyzing the results of matrices models helps design the optimal management for
the conservation of L. ternifolia populations while preventing the invasion by G. triacanthos. The predicted asymptotic rate of spread for G. triacanthos at the good site was fourfold greater than the predicted one for L. ternifolia, although the difference was much smaller considering the bad site. The usefulness of the R-D model to study this invasion
system is discussed. 相似文献
404.
Alessandro K. Cerutti Marco Bagliani Gabriele L. BeccaroFabrizio Gioelli Paolo BalsariGiancarlo Bounous 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(4):318-324
Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is an environmental accounting system, in physical unit, able to quantify the total amount of ecosystem resources required by a region or by a production process. This methodology is both scientifically robust and widely diffused for territorial and productive analysis. The application of EFA to agricultural systems are still uncommon and examples in the fruit sector rare.In this work a detailed application of EFA to an experimental trial in a commercial nectarine orchard in Piedmont (Italy) is presented. The field trial is focused on the evaluation of agronomical benefit of various kinds of swine manure for fertilizing orchards. Four productive systems were established from 2008: liquid slurry (LS), covered slurry (CS), solid fraction (SF), mineral nutrition (MN). All the environmental impacts of the four systems were quantified both directly on field and with extrapolations from farmer knowledge. As previous studies suggested, we considered not only the one-year field operations, but also the whole lifetime of the orchard. The environmental costs of each system are presented and related to each other on the basis of their relative footprint value.Results highlight almost the same ecological footprint for the three manure fertilized systems (LS, CS and SF) with average of 0.96 gha t−1) and the highest ecological footprint can be found in the MN system (1.14 gha t−1). Interesting remarks can be done comparing the contributions to the ecological footprint of the field operations related to fertilization in the four systems. In the manure fertilized systems the fertilizer contribution goes from 0.9% to 1.2% of the total ecological footprint; but in the MN system the fertilizer contribution is 6.6% of the total ecological footprint. Results support the hypothesis that internal recycle and connections among different systems increasingly resulted in high system benefit and sustainability. 相似文献
405.
Natalicio Ferreira Leite Patricio Peralta-Zamor Marco Tadeu Grassi Yutao Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):904-911
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in surface sediment samples from nine sites
located at the Iguac?u River Basin in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil to evaluate their distribution and sources. The total
concentration of the PAHs was greater for sediments from highly urbanized areas, while the sediments from the Ira′? Environmental
Protection Area (Ira′? EPA) showed significantly low concentrations. The sediments from the Iguac?u and Barigui rivers were classified
as highly contaminated, while those from the Cercado and Curralinho rivers were classified as moderately contaminated. The
predominance of PAHs containing two to four aromatic rings in most of the samples suggested the direct input of raw sewage into the
water resources evaluated. Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were predominant in sediments
from the areas under the greatest urban and industrial development. The correlation between thermodynamic stability and the kinetics
of evolution presented by the isomeric pairs indicated that combustion is the predominant source of PAHs in the sediments because the
combustion of fossil fuels affected most of the points evaluated, followed by combustion of biomass and eventually combustion of oil
product inputs. In general, the results showed that areas under strong urban influence, as well as the Ira′? EPA, receive contributions of
PAHs from similar sources. 相似文献
406.
Mutagenic properties of PM2.5 air pollution in the Padana Plain (Italy) before and in the course of XX Winter Olympic Games of "Torino 2006" 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Traversi D Degan R De Marco R Gilli G Pignata C Ponzio M Rava M Sessarego F Villani S Bono R 《Environment international》2008,34(7):966-970
PM2.5 is one of the most important aspects of environmental health. This air pollutant is breathable and it is implicated in several chronic adverse health effects such as the decrease of respiratory functionality and cancer. Several in vitro bioassays are able to predict the mutagenic/carcinogenic activity of the environmental pollutants and mixtures of them. In this study PM2.5 air pollution was daily monitored in three cities located in the Northern part of Italy and the mutagenic properties of the PM2.5 organic extracts were also assessed. Samplings lasted 14 months and cover the period of the Winter Olympic Games of "Torino 2006". In this work, the levels of PM2.5, its mutagenic properties (detected with Salmonella typhimurium assay), the role of the Olympic Games as environmental factor and some meteorological data are discussed. The mean concentration of PM2.5 measured in Torino was 45.4 (+/-30.6) microg/m(3), in Pavia 37.6 (+/-25.6) microg/m(3), in Verona 43.1 (+/-28.5) microg/m(3). Findings of the monthly pool bioassay were in Torino 107 (+/-104) net revertans/m(3), in Pavia 108 (+/-89) net revertans/m(3), in Verona 128 (+/-109) net revertans/m(3). The Olympic Games period data show that PM2.5 pollution and its load of mutagenic potential are different and partially independent phenomena. The Olympic Games had not a great impact on the PM2.5 pollution. The exclusive PM2.5 gravimetric analysis shows a potential human risk if compared with the latest international guide values but it does not describe exhaustively the human health risk associated to the presence of this particular air pollutant. Moreover, the chemical and biological activity qualification of the PM organic extracts as a whole, can instead improve the knowledge. 相似文献
407.
Hugo D. Silva Ludimila A. C. Wosnjuk Sônia F. O. Santos Cesar A. S. T. Vilanova-Costa Flávia C. Pereira Elisângela P. Silveira-Lacerda Marco T. A. Garcíazapata Carlos E. Anunciação 《Food and environmental virology》2010,2(1):35-40
Adenoviruses are a highly important public health issue, since they are among the most persistent and ubiquitous viruses present
in water and associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques for
the detection of adenovirus in public and recreational water supplies in Goiania, Brazil. From December 2007 to November 2008,
54 water samples were collected in 5 different sites in 2 lakes and 2 rivers of the city. The samples were filtered in a positively
charged nylon membrane, and the DNA was extracted using the phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol method. Semi-nested PCR was
used to detect adenovirus DNA, and sequence analysis of the semi-nested PCR products was performed to identify the recovered
viruses. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 43% (24 of 54) of samples collected. Considering all examined sites, MP1 presented
the highest occurrence of adenovirus (6 positive from 10 collected samples), followed by MP2 (3 positive from 6 collected
samples), JL (10 positive from 21 collected samples), VB (3 positive from 9 collected samples), and BB (2 positive from 8
collected samples), respectively. The methodology employed proved to be feasible, fast, low-cost, and suitable to be used
as screening approach on adenovirus detection in water for public sanitation companies. 相似文献
408.
Federico?AndreisEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Marco?Bonetti 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(1):139-154
We introduce a novel method to extract a sample from a finite population where units with desired characteristics are over-represented. The approach is both sequential and adaptive and allows, via suitable compositions of predictive and objective functions, to target specific subsets of the population. We consider the problem of estimation and conjecture the validity of a modified Horvitz–Thompson estimator capable to account for the imbalance induced by the targeting procedure. After discussing how to apply the method to the sampling of geographically distributed units, we investigate its potential via simulations. 相似文献
409.
Patrick Gautier Marco Barroca Sophie Bertrand Cyril Eraud Maria Gaillard Michael Hamman Sébastien Motreuil Gabriele Sorci Bruno Faivre 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1159-1166
Several environmental factors have been shown to shape the pattern of investment of carotenoids into the expression of sexual
signals. Surprisingly, the impact of the social environment has been neglected. If a carotenoid-based sexual trait is used
by females to choose a mate or by males to assess the quality of potential competitors for mates, males, in the presence of
females, should upregulate expression of the trait. We tested this hypothesis in male zebra finches that were housed either
with females or in a male-only social environment. Additionally, to investigate whether the social modulation of the expression
of a sexual trait depends on the physiological need of carotenoids, we challenged half of the males with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the social environment modulated the expression of bill color, with males kept in
the presence of females harboring a redder bill at the end of the 3 weeks that the experiment lasted. Males injected with
LPS showed duller bill color regardless of the presence of females, and social interactions with females result in upregulated
bill color similarly for phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS males. Thus, social environment and immune activation had
an additive effect on the expression of bill color. The effect of social environment on plasma carotenoids was less clear.
Indeed, a first replicate of the entire experiment showed that both immune challenge and social context affected bill color,
with a negative effect of immune challenge and a positive effect of the presence of females on circulating carotenoids. However,
a second replicate of the experiment showed only a negative effect of the immune challenge. These results, therefore, suggest
that the social environment can affect the expression of carotenoid-based sexual traits under both benign and carotenoid-demanding
conditions. Whatever the signaling function of bill color (female mate choice or male–male competition for mates), the observed
flexibility may be adaptive because the expression of the signal can be modulated depending on the expected rewards or costs
associated with the presence or absence of females. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such an effect are still unknown. 相似文献
410.
Elisa De Laurentiis Marco Minella Valter Maurino Claudio Minero Davide Vione 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11770-11780
Information concerning the link between surface-water photochemistry and climate is presently very scarce as only a few studies have been dedicated to the subject. On the basis of the limited knowledge that is currently available, the present inferences can be made as follows: (1) Warming can cause enhanced leaching of ionic solutes from the catchments to surface waters, including cations and more biologically labile anions such as sulphate. Preferential sulphate biodegradation followed by removal as organic sulphides in sediment could increase alkalinity, favouring the generation of the carbonate radical, CO3 ·?. However, this phenomenon would be easily offset by fluctuations of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is strongly anticorrelated with CO3 ·?. Therefore, obtaining insight into DOC evolution is a key issue in understanding the link between photochemistry and climate. (2) Climate change could exacerbate water scarcity in the dry season in some regions. Fluctuations in the water column could deeply alter photochemistry that is usually favoured in shallower waters. However, the way water is lost would strongly affect the prevailing photoinduced processes. Water outflow without important changes in solute concentration would mostly favour reactions induced by the hydroxyl and carbonate radicals (·OH and CO3 ·?). In contrast, evaporative concentration would enhance reactions mediated by singlet oxygen (1O2) and by the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*). (3) In a warmer climate, the summer stratification period of lakes would last longer, thereby enhancing photochemical reactions in the epilimnion but at the same time keeping the hypolimnion water in the dark for longer periods. 相似文献