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131.
Piotr Sikorski Iwona Szumacher Daria Sikorska Marcin Kozak Marek Wierzba 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):5823-5836
Visitor’s access to understorey vegetation in park forest stands results in the impoverishment of plant species composition and a reduction in habitat quality. The phenomenon of biotic homogenisation is typical in urban landscapes, but it can proceed differently depending on the scale, a detail that has not been observed in previous studies. This research was carried out in seven Warsaw parks (both public and restricted access). Thirty-four forested areas were randomly selected, some subjected to strong visitors’ pressure and some within restricted access areas, free of such impacts. The latter category included woodlands growing in old forest and secondary habitats. Public access to the study areas contributed to the disappearance of some forest species and their replacement by cosmopolitan non-forest species, leading to loss of floristic biodiversity in areas of high ecological importance at the city scale. Some human-induced factors, including soil compaction and changes in soil pH, moisture and capillary volume, were found to cause habitat changes that favoured native non-forest plants. Despite changes in species composition, the taxonomic similarity of understorey vegetation in both categories—public access and restricted access—was comparable. In a distance gradient of measurements taken around selected individual trees, there was found to be significant variation (in light, soil pH and compaction) affecting the quality and quantity of understorey vegetation (including rare species). In conclusion, the protection of rare forest species could be achieved by limiting access to forested areas, particularly in old forest fragments, and we highly recommend its consideration in the proposal of future park restoration plans. 相似文献
132.
Adriana Kolesarova Shubhadeep Roychoudhury Bibiana Klinerova Dagmara Packova Katarina Michalcova Marek Halenar 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(6):533-537
Quercetin is a dietary bioflavonoid used widely as a food supplement and is generally recognized as safe. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the steroid hormone (progesterone and 17- β estradiol) release, proliferation (PCNA and cyclin B1) and apoptosis (caspase 3 and p53) of porcine ovarian granulosa cells after the addition of quercetin at concentrations 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100?μmol?L?1. Progesterone release was stimulated at the concentration 10?μmol?L?1. Quercetin neither had any impact on 17-β estradiol secretion nor on the presence of PCNA. However, a significant enhancement of the occurrence of cyclin B1 was noted except for the lowest concentration 0.01?μmol?L?1. Quercetin did not have any influence on the number of granulosa cells containing caspase 3, but at the concentration 10?μmol?L?1 it inhibited p53 occurrence. Results confirm the safety of quercetin in porcine ovarian granulosa cell model and further suggest its possible concentration-dependent influence on ovarian functions through pathway that may involve progesterone, cyclin B1 and p53. 相似文献
133.
Mikula Katarzyna Konieczka Maciej Taf Rafał Skrzypczak Dawid Izydorczyk Grzegorz Moustakas Konstantinos Kułażyński Marek Chojnacka Katarzyna Witek-Krowiak Anna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8759-8777
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The studies presented in this work show that solid tannery waste-like shavings can be used as high-protein materials for fertilizer production... 相似文献
134.
Kocí V Ocelka T Dragoun D Vit M Grabic R Sváb M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(2):94-101
Background, Aim and Scope
The article is focused on dioxin, furan, PCB and organochlorine pesticide monitoring in the surface waters of the Central
European, protected natural reserve Krivoklatsko, under the UNESCO programme Man and Biosphere. Persistent compounds are presently
transported via different means throughout the entire world. This contamination varies significantly between sites. This raises
the question of what constitutes the naturally occurring background levels of POPs in natural, unpolluted areas, but which
are close to industrialised regions. Information of real background POP contamination can be of high value for risk assessment
management of those sites evidently polluted and for the defining of de-contamination limits.
Preserved areas should not be seen as isolated regions in which the impacts of human activities and natural factors are either
unexpected or overlooked. Every ambient region, even those protected by a law or other means, are still closely connected
to neighbouring human developed and impacted areas, and are therefore subject to this anthropogenic contamination. These areas
adjacent to natural reserves are sources of diverse substances, via entry of air, water, soil and/or biota. After an extended
period of industrial activities, organochlorine pollutants, even those emitted in trace concentrations have reached detectable
levels. For future research and for the assessment of environmental changes, present levels of contamination would be of high
importance. This work publishes data of the contamination with organochlorine pollutants of this natural region, where biodiversity
and ecological functions are of the highest order.
Materials and Methods:
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were utilised as the sampling system. SPMDs were deployed in two small creeks and one
water reservoir selected in the central part of the Krivoklatsko Natural Reserve, where it could be expected that any possible
contamination by POPs would be lowest. The exposed SPMDs were analysed both for chemical contents of POPs and for toxicity
properties. The chemical analyses of dibenzo-dioxins, dibenzo-furans, PCBs and OCPs were analysed by GC/MS/MS on GCQ or PolarisQ
(Thermoquest). Toxicity bioassays were performed on the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus, bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustacean
Daphnia magna. All toxicity data were expressed as the effective volume Vtox. Vtox is a toxicity parameter, the determination
of which is independent of SPMD deployment time and pre-treatment dilution (unlike, for example, the EC50 of the SPMD extract).
Results:
The following chemical parameters were monitored: 1) tetra, penta, hexa and hepta dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans; 2) all those
detectable from tri- through deca-polychloriated biphenyls (PCBs) and 3) a group of organochlorine pesticides: hexachlorobenzene
and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, DDE, DDD and DDT. The concentrations of dioxins and furans on the assessed sites varied
from under detection levels up to 7 pg.l-1; PCBs were detected in a sum concentration up to 2.8 ng.l-1; and organochlorine
pesticides up to 346 pg.l-1. The responses of bioassays used were very low, with the values obtained for Vtox being under
0.03 l/d.
Discussion:
Toxicity testing showed no toxicity responses, demonstrating that the system used is in coherence with the ecological status
of the assessed sites. Values of Vtox were under the critical value – showing no toxicity. The PCA of chemical analysis data
and toxicity responses resulted in no correlations between these two groups of parameters. This demonstrated that the present
level of contamination has had no direct adverse effects on the biota.
Conclusions:
The concentration values of six EPA-listed, toxic dioxins and sums of tetra-hepta dioxins; nine EPA toxic dibenzofurans and
the sums of tetra-hepta bibenzofurans are presented together with all tri-deka PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (alfa-,
beta-, gama-, delta-HCH, HCB, opDDE, ppDDE, opDDD, ppDDD, opDDT, ppDDT). These values represent possible current regional
natural background values of these substances monitored within the Central European region, with no recorded adverse effects
on the freshwater ecosystem (up until the present time).
Recommendations and Perspectives:
Assessment of dioxins, furans and other organochlorine compounds within natural reserves can be important for the monitoring
of human-induced impacts on preserved areas. No systematic monitoring of these substances in areas not directly affected by
industry has generally been realised. There is a paucity of data of the presence of any of these substances within natural
regions. Further monitoring of contamination of both soil and biota by dioxins and furans in preserve regions is needed and
can be used for future monitoring of man-made activities and/or accidents.
Semipermeable membrane devices proved to be a very good sampling system for the monitoring of trace concentrations of ambient
organochlorine compounds. Toxicity evaluation using the Vtox concept demonstrated that those localities assessed expressed
no toxicity. 相似文献
135.
136.
This study deals with numerical simulation of flow fields and dispersion of model passive admixtures in the planetary boundary
layer in a 10 × 10 km square area, centered on the Czech Republic’s Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Numerical calculations of
three-dimensional flow fields with eight basic wind directions given for the inlet boundary of the computational domain are
performed using the FLUENT CFD code with the standard k – ε turbulence model. The resultant modeling of the flow fields provides information as to probable local directions and velocities
of flow vectors on a horizontal scale of 100 m, which are consistent with the data given for the boundaries of the calculation
area in the framework of a scale of 10 km. The modeled flow fields generate the input data for related Lagrangian simulation
of the ground concentration and deposition fields of passive particles assumedly emitted at the site of the Temelín plant.
Simulated plumes describe eight cases of potential ground-level distribution of model passive admixtures in the area. 相似文献
137.
Marek Dźwiarek 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):363-384
The Double Penetration Method (DPM) method of measuring ESPD (Electrosensitive Protective Device) response time was presented by Dzwiarek (1997). Calibrating the measuring equipment is a crucial stage of the procedure. Experimental verification of theoretical predictions is also crucial. For calibration purposes, a device simulating real ESPD operation thus enabling a correct setting of the response time was designed (Dzwiarek, 1997).Theoretical analysis has shown that measuring ESPD response time with the DPM is subject to localisation errors made in the localisation of the detection zone border, rod position measurement errors made during highspeed penetration, and time delay measurement errors. The values of all those components of the total error have been determined experimentally using the calibrating device. Measurements have been taken under conditions as close to real ones as possible proving that the total measurement error is really enclosed within the assumed limits. 相似文献
138.
Anna Jedryka-Góral Joanna Bugajska Elzbieta ?astowiecka Andrzej Najmiec Maria Rell-Bakalarska Irena Bownik Janina M Michalak Marek Kochmański 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2006,12(1):17-30
The aim of this study was to investigate the work ability in ageing workers suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), coronary heart disease (CHD) or hypertension (H). One hundred and sixty-six OA and 355 CHD/H outpatients were evaluated. The Work Ability Index (WAI) served for work ability assessment. Patients' results were compared with the results of a control group of 225 healthy young workers. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA tests. WAI in female and male CHD/H patients was higher than in OA patients (p < .01), better work ability was related to better education (p < .01), white-collar work (p < .01) and better recreation (p < .01); subjective work ability was determined mostly by the objective health status. The promotion of work ability among workers suffering from advanced age-related diseases should be closely related to the promotion of health. It is indicative to improve occupational education and skills, already at an early stage of a disease. 相似文献
139.
Polymeric microspheres with N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) ligands have been tested in the adsorption–membrane filtration process for boron removal from aqueous solutions.
The chelating resins were synthesized by reacting NMDG with the vinylbenzyl chloride–styrene–1,4-divinylbenzene (VBC/S/DVB)
copolymer at the reflux temperature and in the microwave reactor. VBC/S/DVB spheres with a gel structure that contained 6
wt% DVB were obtained by membrane emulsification followed by suspension polymerization. By selecting the optimal emulsification
and polymerization parameters, it was possible to obtain 25-μm-diameter particles with a narrow size distribution. Resins
obtained by microwave modification showed the higher boron adsorption capacity. 相似文献
140.
Marek Špinka Gudrun Illmann Jiří Haman Petr Šimeček Jitka Šilerová 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(7):1447-1457
In domestic pigs, about 20% of nursing episodes end without milk transfer (non-nutritive nursings, NNNs). The function of
NNNs has not been satisfactorily explained yet. Here, we suggest that NNNs may be a part of an honest signaling system that
enables the sow to provide more frequent nutritive nursings (NNs) to those litters that can prove their need through exceptionally
frequent milk ejection solicitations. We further propose that the system is kept stable through the accelerating costs attached
to the solicitation in the form of NNNs. Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that (P1) with an increasing number of all
nursings (ALL = NNNs + NNs) the number of NNs should increase and that (P2) with an increasing number of ALL the proportion
of NNNs should increase. We tested P1 and P2 using a meta-analysis applied to data from eight studies that recorded the number
of NNs and NNNs in domestic pigs. We confirmed both P1 (NNs increasing with ALL) and P2 (proportion of NNNs increasing with
ALL). In combination, these results show a steeply accelerating cost of each additional nutritive nursing that piglets instigate.
This cost sets limits to the piglets' ability to solicit higher maternal investment through more frequent nursing solicitations. 相似文献