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951.
Krystian Obolewski Wojciech Gotkiewicz Agnieszka Strzelczak Zbigniew Osadowski Aleksander Maria Astel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):747-763
This study describes the influence of urban area on plant communities and benthic invertebrates inhabiting the S?upia River (northern Poland). Ten plant communities and 37 macrozoobenthos taxa were determined during four seasonal samplings at 25 sampling sites (October 2005 and January, April, and August 2006). The obtained data set was statistically evaluated in order to reveal the influence of anthropogenic transformations on the investigated communities against the background of other abiotic factors. Multivariate regression tree (MRT) method was used for vegetation, while for benthic fauna, both MRT and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were applied. The following explanatory variables were used: season, water temperature, and salinity; location of a sampling site; degree of human impact on the riverbed; microhabitat; and substrate type. MRT analyses showed significant differences in plant community structure depending on the location of a sampling site, indicating the influence of anthropogenic pressure, while macrozoobenthos composition differed significantly only between seasons. The overall ANN model proved the importance of type and location of a sampling site for the approximation of benthic fauna density. Additionally, influence of the explanatory variables on the consecutive macrozoobenthos taxa was analyzed on the basis of separate ANN. 相似文献
952.
Benkdad A Laissaoui A Tornero MV Benmansour M Chakir E Garrido IM Moreno JB 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,182(1-4):317-324
Macroalgae species Codium sp, Bangia atropurpurea, Membranoptera alata, Plocamium cartilagineum, Dictyota dichotoma, Fucus spiralis and Stypocaulon scoparia were collected from seven stations along the north coast of Morocco. Samples were analysed to determine activities of naturally occurring radionuclides ((210)Pb, U isotopes and (40)K) and concentrations of metals (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, As and Cr) using radiometric and ICP-OES techniques, respectively. Metal concentrations were within ranges reported in the scientific literature, and concentrations of bio-essential elements were in the order Mn>Fe> Zn>Cu in all samples. Brown algae had the highest concentrations of almost all metals, and concentrations decreased in the order brown>red>green algae. With respect to radionuclides, the red alga P. cartilagineum had the highest activities of (210)Pb, in most cases an order of magnitude higher than for the green alga Codium sp. (234)U and (238)U activities in all algae samples were in the range 0.96- 7.61 and 1.16-6.14 Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. Our analyses of radionuclide activities and metal concentrations in marine macroalgae showed large differences among taxa. These results provide insights into which algal species should be used for biomonitoring programmes. 相似文献
953.
Josep Maria Serra Jordi Cristobal Miquel Ninyerola 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(1):77-89
Environmental classification addresses issues involving the representation and analysis of continuous and variable ecological
data. This study creates a methodology to define topo-climatic landscapes (TCL) in the north-west of Catalonia, which is situated
in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. TCL provide data regarding the ecological behavior of a landscape in terms of
its topography, physiognomy, and climate, which are the main drivers of an ecosystem. The variables selected are derived from
a variety of different sources, such as remote sensing and climatic atlases. The methodology employed combines unsupervised
iterative cluster classification with supervised fuzzy classification. Twenty eight TCL, which can be differentiated in terms
of their vegetation physiognomy and vegetation altitudinal range type, were selected for the study area. Furthermore, a hierarchy
among the TCL is established which permits the merging of clusters and allows for changes in thematic resolution. By using
the topo-climatic landscape map, managers can identify patches with similar environmental conditions and at the same time
assess the uncertainty involved in classification. 相似文献
954.
Santamaría J Quinonez-Diaz Mde J Lemond L Arnold RG Quanrud D Gerba C Brusseau ML 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(12):3481-3484
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of length scale (travel distance) on the retention and transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a sandy soil. Long columns (1 and 2 meters) and an in situ lysimeter (4 m) were used to allow investigation of larger-scale transport under controlled conditions. Significant retention of oocysts was observed, with the magnitude of removal from solution ranging between 2 to 5 logs. While the removal was greater for longer travel distances (or residence times), the increase was not log-linear. This observation indicates that oocyst transport was not consistent with standard colloid filtration theory. The observed behavior is speculated to arise, at least in part, from intrapopulation variability in oocyst properties. The results of this study indicate that while Cryptosporidium oocysts may be expected to experience significant retention and removal during transport in sandy soil, the magnitude of retention may be less than that which would be predicted by applying standard colloid filtration theory to the results of typical short-column experiments. Thus, a fraction of the oocysts may be more mobile than anticipated and thereby pose a greater than expected risk to groundwater. 相似文献
955.
Martins DF de Fátima Vitória de Moura M Bezerra Loiola MI Di Souza L Barbosa E Silva KM Francismar de Medeiros J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):274-279
Aquatic macrophytes are a very important subject of study due to their capacity to restore polluted aquatic environments as they need high nutrient concentrations to develop. The present study aims to determine their temporal and physiological influence on the amount of total nitrogen, gross protein, P, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb and Cr absorbed by Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) in the River Apodi/Mossoró, RN, Brazil, identifying viable possibilities for the use of cultivated biomass. Results obtained from the parameters analyzed show that these substances are impacted by the temporality and physiology of Eichhornia crassipes. Leaves showed higher crude protein and macronutrients, while the content of micronutrients and toxic elements was higher in roots. It could, therefore, be utilized to improve water quality in the River Apodi/Mossoró. 相似文献
956.
Moura DR Silveira ML O'Connor GA Wise WR 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(9):2457-2462
Rapid infiltration basins (RIBs) are effective tools for wastewater treatment and groundwater recharge, but continuous application of wastewater can increase soil P concentrations and subsequently impact groundwater quality. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effects of reclaimed water infiltration rate and "age" of RIBs on soil P concentrations at various depths, and (2) estimate the degree (percentage) of sorption equilibrium reached between effluent P and soil attained during reclaimed water application to different RIBs. The study was conducted in four contrasting cells of a RIB system with up to a 25 year history of secondary wastewater application. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 300 cm depth at 30 cm intervals and analyzed for water extractable phosphorus (WEP) and oxalate extractable P, Al, and Fe concentrations. Water extractable P and P saturation ratio (PSR) values were generally greater in the cells receiving reclaimed water compared to control soils, suggesting that reclaimed water P application can increase soil P concentrations and the risk of P movement to greater depths. Differences between treatment and control samples were more evident in cells with longer histories of reclaimed water application due to greater P loading. Data also indicated considerable spatial variability in WEP concentrations and PSR values, especially within cells from RIBs characterized by fast infiltration rates. This occurs because wastewater-P flows through surface soils much faster than the minimum time required for sorption equilibrium to occur. Studies should be conducted to investigate soil P saturation at deeper depths to assess possible groundwater contamination. 相似文献
957.
The influence of silicon on responses to copper excess was studied in plants of Erica andevalensis. Plantlets were grown in nutrient solutions containing two Cu (1 and 500 μM) and three Si concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Plant growth, water content, and mineral nutrient concentration were determined. Plants grown with 500 μM Cu showed differences in growth and shoot water content depending on Si supply. The addition of 1 mM Si in high-Cu nutrient solutions significantly improved plant growth and reduced water loss preventing plant death related to Cu-excess. Silicon supply reduced significantly leaf Cu concentration (up to 32%) and increased Cu concentration in roots. Phytoliths isolated from leaves were analysed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Such phytoliths consisted in silica deposits associated with Cu and other elements (K, Ca, P). Improvement by Si of Cu tolerance in E. andevalensis was clearly related to the inhibition of Cu upward transport. The leaf phytoliths formed in Si-treated plants might have some contribution to tolerance by Cu immobilisation and inactivation. 相似文献
958.
Charitopoulou Maria Anna Kalogiannis Konstantinos G. Lappas Angelos A. Achilias Dimitriοs S. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59190-59213
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The amount of plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) has enormously increased nowadays, due to the rapid expansion and... 相似文献
959.
Caliari Paulo Cezar Pacheco Maria José Ciríaco Lurdes Lopes Ana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24138-24149
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this work was to evaluate the pollutant load from tannery effluents treated by chemical coagulation (CC) followed by electro-oxidation... 相似文献
960.
Marson Eduardo O. Paniagua Cleiseano E.S. Costa-Serge Nayara M. Sousa Raquel M.F. Silva Gizele D. Becker Raquel W. Sirtori Carla Starling Maria Clara V. M. Carvalho Solidônio R. Trovó Alam G. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23582-23594
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the presence of antibiotics in environmental waters enhances antimicrobial resistance, photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis of... 相似文献