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971.
Tropical forest countries are struggling with the partially conflicting policy objectives of socioeconomic development, forest conservation, and safeguarding the livelihoods of local forest-dependent people. We worked with communities in the lower Tapajós region of the central Brazilian Amazon for over 10 years to understand their traditional and present land use practices, the constraints, and decision making processes imposed by their biophysical, socioeconomic, and political environment, and to facilitate development trajectories to improve the livelihoods of forest communities while conserving the forest on the farms and in the larger landscape. The work focused on riverine communities initially in the Tapajós National Forest and then in the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve. These communities have a century-old tradition of planting rubber agroforests which despite their abandonment during the 1990s still widely characterize the vegetation of the river banks, especially in the two protected areas where they are safe from the recent expansion of mechanized rice and soybean agriculture. The project evolved from the capacity-building of communities in techniques to increase the productivity of the rubber agroforests without breaking their low-input and low-risk logic, to the establishment of a community enterprise that allowed reserve inhabitants to reforest their own land with tree species of their choice and sell reforestation (not carbon) credits to local timber companies while retaining the ownership of the trees. By making land use practices economically more viable and ecologically more appropriate for protected areas, the project shows ways to strengthen the system of extractive and sustainable development reserves that protects millions of hectares of Amazon forest with the consent of the communities that inhabit them. 相似文献
972.
Jenny Ivner Anna Elisabeth Björklund Karl-Henrik Dreborg Jessica Johansson Per Viklund Hans Wiklund 《Local Environment》2013,18(2):105-120
This article presents a model for local energy planning and its application in a full-scale experiment in a Swedish municipality. The model is based on legal requirement, research findings and standards of good practice and includes a combination of analytical and procedural tools intended to support rational decision-making: external scenarios, a citizens’ panel, life cycle analysis and qualitative environmental assessment (EA). The application of the model indicates that the decision-support tools selected can give several new and valuable inputs to local energy planning, such as local knowledge and values through citizen dialogue and comprehensive EAs. However, the experiment also shows that there are several challenges involved in applying the tools, for example, it is difficult to get citizens and the industry to participate and that it is complicated to combine several different tools for decision-making into a single planning process. Moreover, the experiences from the application suggest that the model for local energy planning show great potential but needs to be improved before it can be used as a standard of good practice. 相似文献
973.
Climate change is an important new challenge for local authorities. This study analyses the potential for using the Swedish mandatory process for risk and vulnerability analysis (RVA) as a vehicle to improve local climate adaptation work. An advantage with RVA is its comprehensive approach in dealing with all relevant threats and all vital functions of society. In order to test the applicability of incorporating climate adaptation into RVA, we studied practical experiences from three Swedish municipalities. In all municipalities, a pre-study to identify relevant climate-induced events was performed. In one municipality, this was followed by a more detailed analysis of the potential impacts of these events on the functions of the various administrations and companies within the local authority. Problems identified in successful integration of climate change into the municipal RVA process were lack of sufficient knowledge to identify the impacts of climate change on the level of the respective specialist or district administration and lack of resources to perform the analysis. There were also some difficulties in including a long-term perspective relevant for climate adaptation into RVA, which usually focuses on current threats. A positive outcome was that work on extreme climate events in RVA provided a traceable method to identify events with a potentially great impact on the function of local society and results that could be fed into other ongoing processes, such as spatial planning and housing plans. 相似文献
974.
dos Santos Filho Edson Antônio Siqueira Danilo Diniz Araújo Edcleide Maria Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto de Medeiros Everaldo Paulo 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):443-460
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Nowadays, there is a need to obtain eco-friendly materials, especially plastics that are responsible for most of the environmental pollution. In this... 相似文献
975.
Nolasco Maria E. Lemos Viviane A. S. López Gina Soares Sandra A. Feitosa Johnny P. M. Araújo Bruno S. Ayala Alejandro P. de Azevedo Marleane M. F. Santos Francisco E. P. Cavalcante Rivelino M. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2862-2874
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The aim of the present study was to perform morphological and chemical characterizations of microplastics (MPs) found in seawater samples from the coast of... 相似文献
976.
da Rosa Salles Theodoro da Silva Bruckamann Franciele Viana Altevir Rossato Krause Luciana Maria Fontanari Mortari Sergio Roberto Rhoden Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2695-2713
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This study reports a simple methodology of obtaining magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose under very mild conditions employing only Fe2+ as the iron source,... 相似文献
977.
Pontoni Ludovico La Vecchia Claudia Boguta Patrycja Sirakov Maria DAniello Enrico Fabbricino Massimiliano Locascio Annamaria 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):797-812
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heavy metals are occurring in the aquatic environment as the result of natural or anthropogenic inputs, and depending on concentration, availability and resilience... 相似文献
978.
Lastre-Acosta Arlen Mabel Rocha Carolina Mendes Mendes Maria Anita Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa do Nascimento Claudio Augusto Oller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42231-42241
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of highly toxic, resistant, and persistent organic pollutants, among which 2-chlorobiphenyl (PCB-1) is... 相似文献
979.
Júnior Silvio Vaz Gravina Érica Gonçalves Moraes Maria Carolina Blassioli Zaioncz Soraia Valadares Leonardo Fonseca Borges Miguel Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72670-72682
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The control of pests in agricultural systems is currently based on the widespread use of pesticides that efficiently control pests but have negative... 相似文献
980.
Squadrone Stefania Pederiva Sabina Bezzo Tabata Sartor Rocco Mussat Battuello Marco Nurra Nicola Griglione Alessandra Brizio Paola Abete Maria Cesarina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29529-29534
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics are contaminants of great concern all over the world. Microplastics constitute pollutants themselves; moreover, other contaminants such... 相似文献