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171.
Pieterse AH Kettunen M Diouf S Ndao I Sarr K Tarvainen A Kloff S Hellsten S 《Ambio》2003,32(7):458-462
The invasion of Salvinia molesta in the Lower Senegal River Delta in Mauritania and Senegal in 1999 posed a serious threat to the socioeconomic conditions of the local people as well as to wetland biodiversity. Eventually, an effective biological control of S. molesta was obtained by means of the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae, which was introduced in the river in Senegal and Mauritania in May 2000 and in Senegal in April 2001. In October 2001, it became apparent that the weevils were doing a magnificent job. The color of the plants was turning from green to dark-brown or black, and subsequently the plants started to sink to the bottom. Detailed monitoring of the dispersal of C. salviniae in November-December 2001 confirmed the visual observations of the outcome of biological control. In April 2002, it could be concluded that S. molesta was no longer a problem in the Senegal River. 相似文献
172.
The sorption of the pyrethroid, esfenvalerate, to the dissolved and/or dispersed fraction of eight different natural humic compounds has been investigated. The dissolved organic matters (DOMs) included in this study originate from ground water, soil pore water, and surface waters. Sorption was modelled at DOM concentration levels where equilibrium partitioning of esfenvalerate between DOM and the aqueous bulk phase prevails. The inherent characteristics of the eight different humic materials, quantified in the preceding paper by Thomsen et al. (2002, this issue (PII: S0045-6535(02)00335-1)), have been used as explanatory variables for modelling this equilibrium partitioning. Using a reverse QSAR approach based on by projection-into-latent-structure regression (PLS-R) inherent sorbent properties determining for the sorption affinity of esfenvalerate to DOM were analysed. For all humic substances a decrease in the DOM-normalised equilibrium-partitioning coefficient, KDOM, with increasing concentration of DOM was observed. Significant variations in KDOM values, as function of the inherent characteristics of the individual humic substances, were found at DOM concentrations of 75 and 100 ppm, respectively. The latter is a strong indication of variations in sorption mechanisms of esfenvalerate to DOM of varying inherent properties. Groupings in the principal property space quantifying DOMs may indicate that separate models are needed for quantifying the equilibrium partitioning to different classes of DOM. 相似文献
173.
Zhou Nicolette A. Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. Komen Evans Mwangi Benlick Mukubi Johnstone Nyangao James Hassan Joanne Chepkurui Agnes Maina Caroline van Zyl Walda B. Matsapola Peter N. Wolfaardt Marianne Ngwana Fhatuwani B. Jeffries-Miles Stacey Coulliette-Salmond Angela Peñaranda Silvia Shirai Jeffry H. Kossik Alexandra L. Beck Nicola K. Wilmouth Robyn Boyle David S. Burns Cara C. Taylor Maureen B. Borus Peter Meschke John Scott 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):35-47
174.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine fish and blue mussels from southern Greenland 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have not previously been reported in Greenland. In this study shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were sampled at three locations in southern Greenland; Usuk (no population), Igaliko (population 40) and Qaqortoq (population 3200). Furthermore uvak (Gadus ogac), spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), starry ray (Raja radiata), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were collected at Usuk. Pooled samples of fish liver and blue mussel were analysed for lower brominated PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100 and BDE-153). The highest PBDE levels were found in Qaqortoq followed by Igaliko and Usuk. The measured sum PBDE concentrations in shorthorn sculpin collected at Qaqortoq, Igaliko and Usuk, were 8.2, 3.1 and 2.1 all in units of microg kg(-1) wet weight. In female and male uvak collected at Usuk PBDE levels of 7.1 and 12.0 microg kg(-1) wet weight were measured, while the concentrations were 1.2 microg kg(-1) in spotted wolffish, 1.4 microg kg(-1) in starry ray and 0.11 microg kg(-1) in blue mussels from the same locality all measured on a wet weight basis. The highest concentrations were measured in uvak, a top-predator on fish indicating that PBDEs are biomagnifying. The level of tetra-hexa BDEs is 15-24 times lower than PCB levels measured in the same samples, except for shorthorn sculpin collected at Qaqortoq, where the level of PBDEs was 40 times lower than the level of PCBs. The high concentration of PCBs relative to PBDEs in shorthorn sculpin collected at Qaqortoq signifies a local emission of PCBs, which is higher than the local emission of PBDEs. 相似文献
175.
Finn Stener Jørgensen MD Jens Bang Lisbeth Tranebjærg Lillian N. Berge Sturla H. Eik-Nes Marianne Schwartz 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(2):149-152
We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) in one twin at 11–12 weeks of gestation. The parents had previously had two children, one of whom is alive and healthy and one who died of CF at the age of 2½ months. The parents were both known to be carriers of the ΔF508 mutation. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed and direct gene analysis showed that one fetus was homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation, while the other fetus did not have the mutation at all. Both fetuses had normal karyotypes. Selective termination was subsequently performed. The pregnancy continued without complications except for mild pre-eclampsia at term. The woman had a Caesarean section. The genetic diagnosis was confirmed after birth. 相似文献
176.
177.
Marianne Marcoux Luke Rendell Hal Whitehead 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(7):1093-1098
Cultural variation can affect the genetic evolution of a species if there are consistent cultural differences that contribute
to fitness variation between groups of individuals. In this study, measures of the reproductive success of groups of sperm
whales from different cultural clans are used as proxies for fitness. We measure reproductive success using population length
distributions from acoustic and photographic measurements and visual observations of the presence of calves. The results obtained
are generally consistent between methods; there are large and significant differences between the clans in the measures of
reproductive success. The results from this study strengthen the case for cultural hitchhiking in sperm whales by indicating
that differences in culture between clans correlate with differences in fitness. 相似文献
178.
The activities of the disaccharidases maltase and sucrase in 4 amniotic fluid from cystic fibrosis (CF) pregnancies have been compared to those of 120 non CF-pregnancies. Very low levels were found in 3 of the CF-fluids. The fourth CF-fluid was normal in all measured microvillar enzyme activities. Elevated levels of disaccharidases in meconium from one of the patients born with CF, supports the idea that these enzymes are trapped in the intestinal cavity by sticky meconium. 相似文献
179.
José Martín Pilar López Marianne Gabirot Kevin M. Pilz 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1275-1282
In some lizards, female mate choice is influenced by chemicals secreted by males, e.g., via the femoral glands. Secretions
of the femoral glands are under direct androgenic control and vary seasonally with androgen production. However, whether increased
testosterone (T) levels affect the concentration and chemical composition of secretions or their attractiveness to females
is unknown. We manipulated T levels of male Iberian wall lizards, Podarcis hispanica, with silastic implants. Differential tongue-flick rates indicated that females detected and discriminated between femoral
secretions of control and T-implanted males based on chemical cues alone. Females showed greater responses to secretions of
T-males, which might suggest that T increased the concentration of chemical signals. Further analyses by gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry indicated that T supplementation induced qualitative changes in lipid composition of femoral secretions. T-males
had decreased relative proportions of cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol in secretions, which might be related to the negative effects
of T on the immune system and on lipid metabolism. However, experiments of choice of males’ scent showed that females neither
preferred nor avoided the scent marks of T-males but preferred males that maintained higher proportions of cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol
in secretions, independently of the experimental manipulation. Thus, because this steroid is negatively affected by T, there
might be trade-offs among increasing T levels to increase the production of chemical secretions, maintain metabolism, and
attract females. 相似文献
180.
Marianne Frankenhaeuser Ulf Lundberg Mats Fredrikson Bo Melin Martti Tuomisto Anna-Lisa Myrsten Monica Hedman Bodil Bergman-Losman Leif Wallin 《组织行为杂志》1989,10(4):321-346
Sixty healthy non-smoking white collar employees, aged 30–50, from a large corporation in Sweden participated in the study. There were four groups: 15 male and 15 female middle managers, 15 male and 15 female clerical workers. Each participant was examined individually with regard to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine functions and self-reports for 12 consecutive hours under each of two conditions: (1) a normal day at work (9 a.m.–5 p.m.) and after work (6–9 p.m.), and (2) for the same time period during work-free conditions at home. In addition, everyone was given a videotaped type A-interview and a general health check-up including blood-lipid determination. Attitudes towards work, total workload (including responsibilities outside the paid work) and sex role identity were examined by questionnaires. As expected, all groups showed a moderate increase in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity during the day at work. After work, however, interesting group differences emerged, suggesting slower unwinding in female managers. Differences related to occupational level and/ or sex were found for autonomy and social support at work, competitiveness, sex role and reported conflict between demands from paid work and other responsibilities. The stress profile of the female managers was considered in terms of possible long-term health risks. 相似文献