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681.
Mojtaba Taran Elham Azizi Shahein Taran Nadia Asadi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(3):750-754
In this study the possibility of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) production from glycerol was investigated and optimized by Halorcula sp. IRU1, a novel archaea isolated from Urmia lake, Iran in batch experiments. Using Taguchi methodology, three important
independent parameters (glycerol, yeast extract and KH2PO4) were evaluated for their individual and interactive effects on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) production. It was shown that the
glycerol concentration was the most significant factor affecting the yield of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate). The optimum factor
levels were a glycerol concentration of 8% (v/v), yeast extract 0.8% (w/v) and KH2PO4 0.002% (w/v). The predicted value obtained for poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) production under these conditions was about 81.87%.
We can conclude that Haloarcula sp. IRU1 has a high potential for synthesis of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from glycerol. 相似文献
682.
Altaf H. Basta Houssni El-Saied Jerrold E. Winandy Ronald Sabo 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(2):405-412
Investigations have continued for production high performance agro-based composites using environmentally acceptable approaches.
This study examines the role of adding amide-containing biopolymers during synthesis of urea–formaldehyde (UF) on properties
of adhesive produced, especially its adhesion potential. The environmental performance of UF-resin synthesized in the presence
of modified amide-containing biopolymer was evaluated by evaluating the free-HCHO of both adhesive (during processing) and
of the eventual engineered composite product. Also, the benefits of this synthesis-modified adhesive in enhancing the bondability
of sugar-cane fibers used in engineered composite panels was evaluated and compared to using UF-resin. The results obtained
show that, static bending of the produced composites varied from 27.7 to 33.13 N/mm2 of modulus of rupture (MOR) and from 2860 to 3374 N/mm2 of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE); while for internal bond (IB) it’s varied from 0.64 to 0.866 N/mm2. Based on the ANSI and EN Standards modified UF-based agro composites produced meet the performance requirements for high
grade particleboards with respect to static bending strength. These agro-based composite also tested out as having free-HCHO
values of ~13 mg/100 g board. 相似文献
683.
Amir Nourbakhsh Abdollah Hosseinzadeh Farshid Basiji 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(4):908-911
The study was carried out to investigate the effects of filler content and two different compatibilizing agents (Eastman G-3003
and G-3216) on the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with corn stalk and wood flour. In the sample preparation,
three levels of filler loading (30, 40 and 50 wt%) and one level of compatibilizing agent content (2.5 wt%) were used. For
overall trend, with addition of both grades of the compatibilizing agents, tensile and flexural properties of the composites
significantly improved, as compared with the pure PP. Tensile and flexural properties reach a maximum at 40 wt% filler content
and gradually decrease with a further increase in wood particle content. The composites treated with G-3003 gave better results
in comparison with G-3216. This could be caused by the high melt viscosity of G-3003. In general, corn stalk flour filled
composites showed superior mechanical properties. 相似文献
684.
Guang Yang Bo Yang Chao Yuan Weiwei Geng Haizhou Li 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):146-151
The effects of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties of medium density fibreboard (MDF) bonded with modified soy
protein-based glue were studied to find an appropriate manufacture technology. Physical properties of MDF made with different
amount of wax emulsion were measured. Results indicated that water repellent had no obvious influence on physical properties
of soy protein-based MDF boards. The fiberboards bonded with soy protein-based glue showed stronger water resistance properties
than those bonded with urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins. Furthermore, the soy protein-based MDF boards had good quality [25.2%
24 h soak thickness swell (TS), 29.9 MPa modulus of rupture (MOR), 3130 MPa modulus of elasticity (MOE)], which met requirements
of Chinese national standard. Practical processing parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiment, i.e., glue content 8.0%,
hot-press temperature 200 °C, and hot-press time 150 s. 相似文献
685.
Starch nanocomposites have been prepared using mineral clay. Montmorillonite, kaolin and a surface-modified montmorillonite
by dimethyl (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) ammonium cation were used. Starch-g-PCL nanocomposites have been prepared with graft
polymerization through in situ ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of starch, Sn(Oct)2 (Tin(II) 2-ethyl hexanoate) as an initiator/catalyst and silicate layers. In fact, the related composites were prepared in
solution method, bulk polymerization and in situ polymerization methods with introducing the mineral clay. The effect of kind
of clay on d-spacing of silicate layers was investigated and the obtained nanocomposites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction.
The obtained compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Morphology of the prepared nanocomposites
was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and DSC enhanced the study of thermal behaviour of the prepared composite
compounds. 相似文献
686.
Sung-Won Yoo Young Keun Cho Sang-Hwa Jung Kwang-Myung Lee Seung-Jun Kwon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):694-711
In South Korea, nine million tons of fly ash (FA) are annually produced and approximately 70 % is reutilized for industrial demand. For the prompt reuse and insufficient reclamation site, quality control of FA which is main productive construction material from coal ash is very important. Assessed Pozzolanic-activity Index (API) test which needs only 2 days for evaluation of pozzolanic reaction is currently considered as an alternative of activity index measurement. This paper aims for an applicability of API test for prompt quality control and investigation of domestic FA properties. For the work, FAs from two different power plant types are prepared, and quality tests are carried out based on Korean Standards (KS) methods and API method. Lots of test results are compared with those from API and K-value test for FA with age of 7 days–1 year. From the test results for FA aged 1 year, API results are evaluated to be closely related with those from activity index and K-value, and the correlations are improved with increasing ages regardless of plant types. The applicability of API test is verified and the reduced period of FA quality evaluation can accelerate prompt use and the related process of FA. 相似文献
687.
Solubility parameters for determining optimal solvents for separating PVC from PVC-coated PET fibers
Guido Grause Suguru Hirahashi Hiroshi Toyoda Tomohito Kameda Toshiaki Yoshioka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):612-622
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in PVC-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics can be separated through dissolution in a suitable solvent, leaving only the PET fibers. We investigated the solubility of PVC in 30 solvents using swelling tests. The results were compared with those obtained using the Hansen, Gutmann, Swain, E T(30), and Kamlet–Taft parameters. For this purpose, Gaussian plots of the PVC swellability versus solubility parameter were used to decide the applicability of the solubility parameter system. Only Gutmann’s electron acceptor–donor parameter (AN + DN) and the Kamlet–Taft parameters β and π* could describe the PVC-solvent system satisfactorily. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), cyclohexanone, and cyclopentanone were tested for separating PVC from PET at different temperatures. THF dissolved PVC at 20 °C, while cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone did so at 40 °C. Traces of PVC remained on the PET fibers when DMF was used. Complete dissolution of PVC was not achieved at any temperature with MEK. The present work shows that solubility parameters are a helpful tool for the search for suitable solvents. It shows also that solubility parameters have to be selected carefully, since their usefulness depends strongly on the polymer properties. 相似文献
688.
689.
Taein Ohm Soyoung Myung Wanbok Jang Shiri Yu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):631-644
HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) emerged as alternative refrigerants after the production of chlorofluorocarbons was banned and hydrochlorofluorocarbons were phased out, under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. However, because the Kyoto Protocol considered HFCs as greenhouse gases, and their impact on climate change has been increasing, major developed countries have been strengthening existing regulations on the use of HFCs as refrigerants. South Korea has also passed various legislations related to refrigerant management. However, reports indicate that implementation of these regulations has been ineffective, due to the absence of a specific system for managing the production, use, and disposal phases of refrigerants. To identify and resolve these issues, this study investigates the current state of refrigerant management in South Korea for those three phases. Refrigerant management policies are compared between different legislatures, using the examples of the European Union, United States, and Japan. Based on the findings, five types of measures are suggested to reduce the production and consumption of refrigerants, and to improve refrigerant management regulations in ways that are most appropriate to the South Korean context. 相似文献
690.
A. Vignesh Arun. S. Siddarth B. Ramesh Babu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):155-162
This contribution reports a novel and cost efficient strategy for nickel ion removal from metal finishing effluents by electro-dissolution of scrap aluminium and iron sacrificial anodes. Electro-coagulation of effluent was carried out at 30 mA/cm2 current density for 60 min. The nickel ion concentration of electroplating effluent was analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. SEM images of iron and aluminium scrap anodes were critically analysed. Parameters such as heavy metal removal, anode dissolution rate with respect to heavy metal removal, reaction kinetics and cost estimation have been elaborately studied. Electro-coagulation at 30 mA/cm2 for 60 min using iron and aluminium scrap anodes resulted in 95.9 and 94.1 % nickel ion reduction, respectively, with 0.0094 and 0.0053 g/ppm dissolution rates. The energy consumption for scrap aluminium and iron anodes was 0.0547 kWh/L. Loose internal bonding and spongy surface morphology of used metal scrap render high porosity and active surface area, enhancing reaction rate. Low cost and ready availability of waste scrap makes the process of electro-coagulation economically viable. Thus, the findings from this contribution point decisively at the superiority of waste metal scrap-based anodes for economic and environmentally sustainable heavy metal ion removal from metal finishing effluent. 相似文献