全文获取类型
收费全文 | 147篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 9篇 |
废物处理 | 8篇 |
环保管理 | 33篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
基础理论 | 33篇 |
污染及防治 | 22篇 |
评价与监测 | 8篇 |
社会与环境 | 6篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有151条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
81.
Edward Wright Andrew M. Robbins Martha M. Robbins 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(6):957-970
Socioecological models predict that contest competition for clumped foods can lead to higher energy intake and lower energy expenditure for higher-ranking individuals. Here, we examine the relationships between dominance rank and energy intake and expenditure of female mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda (Gorilla beringei beringei). Bwindi gorillas have weak dominance relationships, feed on nonreproductive plant parts throughout the year, and consume fruit when it is seasonally available. We used behavioral observations on one group of gorillas and nutritional analysis of their major food items to calculate energy intake rates and estimated energy expenditure. Using linear mixed models, we found a significant positive relationship between dominance rank and energy intake rates, due to higher-ranking females having faster ingestion rates, rather than consuming foods with higher energy concentrations. Lower-ranking females did not spend significantly more time feeding to compensate for their lower energy intake rates. Lower-ranking females spent significantly more time traveling than higher-ranking females, leading to a negative relationship between dominance rank and energy expenditure. The combined results revealed a significant positive relationship between dominance rank and energy balance. Higher-ranking females did not spend longer feeding on fruit than lower-ranking ones, and the relationship between dominance rank and energy intake rates was not stronger when fruit was available. According to socioecological models, these results suggest that contest competition may be occurring with both fruit and nonreproductive plant parts, which would be consistent with growing evidence that nonreproductive plant parts can be contestable. 相似文献
82.
As settled juveniles and adults, blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) are nonmigratory inhabitants of kelp and rocky reef habitats along the California coast, USA, and prior to settlement, they
possess a pelagic larval and juvenile stage lasting 3–5 months. A previous study of adults revealed two cryptic species within
S. mystinus and evidence of reproductive isolation in a region where both cryptic adults co-occur. Given this pattern of reproductive
isolation, we investigated the degree of hybridization or introgression in individual year-classes shortly after juvenile
settlement in two different years (2001 and 2002). Using microsatellite markers, we found little indication of hybridization
in new juvenile year-classes despite an adult population that comprised both cryptic species. However, we found an average
of two percent of hybrid or introgressed individuals in regions with a low frequency of one of the two species. Therefore,
while the lack of hybrids or introgression supports the hypothesis of reproductive isolation between the cryptic species within
S. mystinus, the age-structured analysis also revealed a spatial pattern of low-frequency differences in the number of introgressed individuals.
These results suggest that reproductive barriers may breakdown when one of the two species predominates the regional adult
gene pool. 相似文献
83.
The conservation of rare plant species hinges on our ability to identify the underlying mechanisms that limit rare plant populations. Theory on rarity suggests that both predispersal seed predation and competition can be important mechanisms influencing abundance and/or distribution of rare plant populations. Yet few studies have tested these interactions, and those that have evaluated each mechanism independently. Astragalus sinuatus Piper (Whited's milkvetch) is a narrow endemic plant species restricted to eight populations within a 10-km2 area in eastern Washington. We used experimental and observational methods to test the effects of native insect predispersal seed predators and an invasive grass (Bromus tectorum L. [cheatgrass]) on seed set and population density of A. sinuatus. We quantified per capita seed production and pod predation rates across four sites and among four years. Seed predation rates were high across four sites (66-82%) and all years (65-82%). Experimental reduction of predispersal seed predators significantly increased per capita seed set of A. sinuatus (164-345%) at two experimental sites. Concurrently, two seed addition experiments demonstrated the effect of seed loss and presence of B. tectorum on seedling recruitment and establishment of A. sinuatus over four growing seasons. In the first seed addition experiment, we found no difference in recruitment and establishment between low (40) and high (120) seed addition levels. In the second addition experiment (one level of addition; 40 seeds), we found that recruitment and survivorship increased 200% in plots where B. tectorum was removed compared to plots where B. tectorum was present. Thus, seed addition had no impact in the presence of B. tectorum; conversely, in the absence of B. tectorum, seed addition was highly effective at increasing population numbers. Results suggest that, in areas where B. tectorum is present, recruitment is site limited, and it is seed limited when B. tectorum is absent. We recommend that managers reduce B. tectorum in an effort to increase population growth of A. sinuatus; in areas where B. tectorum is absent, short-term reduction of insect predators should be considered as a strategy to increase population growth of this rare species. 相似文献
84.
Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ Sánchez-Martínez MA Romero-Guadarrama JA Sánchez-González A Magallanes-Ordóñez VR 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(8):2182-2189
Extensive waste deposits (tailings) and ash from the ignition oven of the abandoned gold mine of mining district El Triunfo (MD-ET) in Baja California Sur, Mexico have released trace elements into the sediments of the Hondo-Las Gallinas-El Carrizal arroyo, which connects to the Pacific Ocean through an evaporitic basin. Migration of these elements through the arroyo is mainly caused by winds or tropical hurricanes that occur sporadically during the summer and cause the otherwise dry arroyo to overflow. To evaluate the concentration and distribution of the elements As, Hg, Pb, and Zn along the 48 km arroyo, surface sediments were collected from 26 sites, ranging from close to the MD-ET to the mouth of the arroyo at the Pacific Ocean. Concentrations in tailings and ash were for As 8890 and 505?000 mg kg(-1); for Hg 0.336 and 54.9 mg kg(-1); for Pb 92,700 and 19,300 mg kg(-1); and for Zn 49,600 and 1380 mg kg(-1). The average of the Normalized Enrichment Factor (Av-NEF) in surface sediments, calculated using background levels, indicates that the sediments are severely contaminated with As and Zn (Av-NEF = 22), Pb (Av-NEF = 24) and with a moderate contamination of Hg (Av-NEF = 7.5). The anthropogenic influence of those elements is reflected in the arroyo sediments as far as 18 km away from the MD-ET, whereas the samples closest to the discharge into the Pacific Ocean show a natural to moderate enrichment for As and Zn and low or no enrichment for Hg and Pb. A principal components analysis identified four principal components that explained 90% of the total variance. Factor 1 was characterized by a high positive contribution of the anthropogenic source elements, especially As, Pb, and Zn (37%), whereas Factor 2 was strongly correlated with the oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Mn (27%). Factor 3 was correlated with Li (16%) and Factor 4 with Al (10%), which indicates more than one source of lithogenic composition, though they played a minor role in the distribution of the elements. 相似文献
85.
86.
87.
Boston Chinatown is a community that grapples with a constant pressure from the downtown area to build new and larger buildings. The effort to preserve the residential aspect of Chinatown has used data analysis in recent years by forming partnerships with academics. This has allowed for more sophisticated studies of traffic injuries, scientific surveys of residents about environmental health, the measurement of noise levels and the construction of physical and electronic mapping of data. While not the only factor contributing to the community's efforts to question the role of development, these data have added useful tools that reduce, but do not eliminate, the disparity between what the community brings to discussions about the environmental impact of development and what the developers have at their disposal. 相似文献
88.
Martha Honey 《生态毒理学报》2002,(4):28-29
研究者们在全世界范围内确定了约 250种自愿性举措用来设立旅游业标准 . 这些举措包括行动 规范、奖励、标准检测、最佳方法和大约 70种提供批准标识或标志的生态标签和认证体系 . 这些体系越来越多地被用来展示在社会和 /或环境方面较好的行业 .
…… 相似文献
89.
Jeffrey Soller Martha Embrey Laura Tuhela Audrey Ichida Jeffrey Rosen 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(11):2329-2335
Drinking water regulations in the United States and elsewhere are based on the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria. Though not meeting all the criteria of an ideal indicator, nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used worldwide as an indicator of potential fecal contamination for drinking water and for distribution systems. This is, in part, because real illnesses are related to human pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, whose presence may be predicted better by E. coli than by total coliform bacteria. Our objective was to estimate the number of E. coli O157:H7 illnesses attributable to drinking water exposures in the United States and the feasible relationships between positive occurrences of the indicator bacteria E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. Results of the modeling indicate that in undisinfected drinking water systems, the ratio of bacterial indicator E. coli positives to E. coli O157:H7 organisms is estimated to be between 6:1 and 90:1 with few model parameters accounting for the vast majority of the uncertainty. These results provide context for considering the potential public health implications of a positive E. coli result from routine monitoring of undisinfected drinking water. 相似文献
90.
Martha Folmsbee Keith A. Strevett 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):554-561
ABSTRACT Compost centers are one of many environments that produce airborne microorganisms. The objective of this study was to compare the bacterial, fungal, and acti-nomycete concentrations at the Norman, OK, compost center to background concentration of these same microorganisms. For this comparison, a modified Andersen Microbial Sampler was used. Sampling was performed at three sites at the outdoor compost center and at two background sites. The concentration of each microorganism was measured as total colony forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m3). The predominantly downwind compost center site had a 10-fold increase in all the microorganisms in comparison with the other sites (p < 0.05). The median concentrations (95% confidence interval) of total viable bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes at this site were 5059 (CI95= 4952-9600) CFU/m3, 2023 (CI95= 2586-6806) CFU/m3, 972 (CI95= 964-1943) CFU/m3, and 2159 (CI95= 1755-4190) CFU/m3, respectively. 相似文献