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891.
Phoebe R. Bentley Jessica C. Fisher Martin Dallimer Robert D. Fish Gail E. Austen Katherine N. Irvine Zoe G. Davies 《Ambio》2023,52(1):1
The link between nature and human wellbeing is well established. However, few studies go beyond considering the visual and auditory underpinnings of this relationship, even though engaging with nature is a multisensory experience. While research linking smell to wellbeing exists, it focuses predominantly on smells as a source of nuisance/offence. Smells clearly have a prominent influence, but a significant knowledge gap remains in the nexus of nature, smell, and wellbeing. Here, we examine how smells experienced in woodlands contribute to wellbeing across four seasons. We show that smells are associated with multiple wellbeing domains, both positively and negatively. They are linked to memories, and specific ecological characteristics and processes over space/time. By making the link between the spatiotemporal variability in biodiversity and wellbeing explicit, we unearth a new line of enquiry. Overall, the multisensory experience must be considered by researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and planners looking to improve wellbeing through nature.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01760-w. 相似文献
892.
Michael Vardon Paul Lucas Steve Bass Matthew Agarwala Andrea M. Bassi Diane Coyle Anthony Dvarskas Catherine A. Farrell Oliver Greenfield Steven King Martin Lok Carl Obst Brian OCallaghan Rosimeiry Portela Juha Siikamki 《Ambio》2023,52(1):15
The COVID-19 pandemic and related social and economic emergencies induced massive public spending and increased global debt. Economic recovery is now an opportunity to rebuild natural capital alongside financial, physical, social and human capital, for long-term societal benefit. Yet, current decision-making is dominated by economic imperatives and information systems that do not consider society’s dependence on natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides. New international standards for natural capital accounting (NCA) are now available to integrate environmental information into government decision-making. By revealing the effects of policies that influence natural capital, NCA supports identification, implementation and monitoring of Green Recovery pathways, including where environment and economy are most positively interlinked. 相似文献
893.
Transformation of effluent organic matter during subsurface wetland treatment in the Sonoran Desert 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during subsurface wetland treatment of wastewater effluent in a hot, semi-arid environment was examined. The study objectives were to (1) discern changes in the character of dissolved organics as consequence of wetland treatment (2) establish the nature of wetland-derived organic matter, and (3) investigate the impact of wetland treatment on the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMs). Subsurface wetland treatment produced little change in DOM polarity (hydrophobic-hydrophilic) distribution. Biodegradation of labile effluent organic matter (EfOM) and internal loading of wetland-derived natural organic matter (NOM) together produced only minor changes in the distribution of carbon moieties in hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) and transphilic acid (TPI-A) isolates of wetland effluent. Aliphatic carbon decreased as a percentage of total carbon during wetland treatment. The ratio of atomic C:N in wetland-derived NOM suggests that its character is determined by microbial activity. Formation of THMs upon chlorination of HPO-A and TPI-A isolates increased as a consequence of wetland treatment. Wetland-derived NOM was more reactive in forming THMs and less biodegradable than EfOM. For both HPO-A and TPI-A fractions, relationships between biodegradability and THM formation potential were similar among EfOM and NOM isolates; the less biodegradable isolates exhibited greater THM formation potential. 相似文献
894.
R David Holbrook Matthew J Higgins Sudhir N Murthy Anabela D Fonseca Edwin J Fleischer Glen T Daigger Thomas J Grizzard Nancy G Love John T Novak 《Water environment research》2004,76(7):2699-2702
The effect of aluminum sulfate (alum) addition on membrane performance was investigated, with a particular focus on membrane fouling. During initial operation, alum was added and the performance monitored. After terminating alum addition, the transmembrane pressure (TMP), which is indicative of membrane resistance to flow or fouling, increased. Accompanying the increase in TMP was an increase in the organic nonsettleable fraction (colloidal + dissolved) content of the mixed liquor and deterioration of permeate quality and floc strength. Permeate polysaccharide concentrations increased significantly, suggesting a preferential binding of solution polysaccharides by alum. Upon reinitiating alum addition, the TMP only partially recovered, indicating some irreversible fouling, while mixed liquor nonsettleable organic material, permeate quality, and floc strength returned to initial levels. These results suggest that direct alum addition to membrane bioreactors can improve membrane performance by reducing the organic fouling material and improving floc structure and strength. It appears that bulk liquid polysaccharides may contribute to irreversible membrane fouling, and this fraction can be efficiently controlled through the alum addition. 相似文献
895.
896.
Boating and navigation activities influence the recruitment of fish in a Baltic Sea archipelago area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We studied the effects of boating and navigation activities on the recruitment of coastal fish in the Stockholm archipelago in the NW Baltic proper. The impacts were quantified by sampling metamorphosed young-of-the-year (Y-O-Y) fish in inlets adjacent to i) routes for medium-sized passenger ferries; ii) berths (small marinas) with small boats; and iii) references. Species with high preference for vegetation were negatively influenced by boating and navigation activities and species with low preference positively influenced. Pike (Esox lucius) Y-O-Y were significantly more abundant in reference areas, while bleak (Alburnus alburnus) were more abundant in dredged marinas. No statistically significant patterns were identified for perch (Perca fluviatilis) although there was a trend of low abundance along ferry routes. Many species of nearshore fishes are dependent on submerged vegetation as spawning and larval substrate, structural refuge and feeding habitat. Our results suggest that the negative effects from boating and navigation activities on the coverage and height of vegetation, especially on species of Chara and Potamogeton spp., may contribute to changes in the Y-O-Y fish community. 相似文献
897.
Contrasting lead speciation in forest and tilled soils heavily polluted by lead metallurgy 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The concentration trends and chemical fractionation of Pb was studied in eight tilled and forest soil profiles heavily polluted by Pb metallurgy in the Pribram district, Czech Republic. The highest Pb concentrations were observed in surface and subsurface horizons attaining 35,300 mg kg-1 in forest soils and 1233 mg kg-1 in tilled soils. Total Pb concentrations were one order of magnitude lower in tilled soil due to intensive ploughing and annual crop off-take. The results of the Tessier sequential extraction procedure showed the preferential binding of Pb in forest soils to operationally-defined exchangeable positions and soil organic matter (oxidisable fraction). The Pb exchangeable fraction is thought to correspond to weak electrostatic binding on the functional groups of organic matter. In tilled soil, Pb is predominantly bound to operationally-defined Fe and Mn oxides (reducible fraction). A comparison with the background Pb concentration values showed a strong contamination even in mineral horizons IIC and confirmed a strong vertical mobility of Pb within the soil profiles. The calculated mobility factors (MF) showed that up to 72% of Pb is mobile and bioavailable in forest soils. In contrast, the bioavailability of Pb in tilled soils was significantly lower as the MF accounted for up to 30%. In the most polluted horizon of forest soil profile, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis confirmed the presence of anglesite (PbSO4), derived likely from the smelter emissions. 相似文献
898.
Sorption and desorption are two important processes that influence the amount of pesticides retained by soils. However, the detailed sorption mechanisms as influenced by soil tillage management are unclear. This study examined the sorption and desorption characteristics of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamide] using the soil samples collected from the long-term conservation tillage (CnT) and conventional tillage (CT) research plots established in 1979 in Darlinton, SC. Humic acid (HA) and humin were extracted from the soils and used in the sorption experiments along with the whole soil samples. The sorption experiments were conducted using a batch-equilibration method. Three sequential desorption rinses were carried out following the sorption experiments. By comparing metolachlor sorption and desorption results we observed hysteresis for all soil samples and their organic matter fractions. Sorption nonlinearity (N) and hysteresis were dependent on the structure and composition of soil organic matter (SOM), e.g., Freundlich isotherm exponents (N) of HA and humin from CnT were higher than those of CT treatment, which may be related to high aromaticity of SOM fractions in CT treatment. Sorption capacity (K'f) was positively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) content. These results show that long-term tillage management can greatly affect metolachlor sorption and desorption behavior probably by qualitative differences in the structural characteristics of the humic substances. 相似文献
899.
Occurrence of bisphenol A in surface water and uptake in fish: evaluation of field measurements 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this study the actual presence of the suspected endocrine disrupter Bisphenol A (BPA) in water systems was studied in the Netherlands. BPA was shown to be present in Dutch surface water at levels up to 330 ng/l, and one occasional observation of 21 microg/l. During the three sampling periods, 60-80% of the samples, most from marine and estuarine locations, contained BPA levels below the limit of quantification (14-40 ng/l). At a selected number of locations the presence of BPA in fish was studied, which showed that BPA varied from 2 to 75 ng/g in the liver and 1 to 11 ng/g in the muscle. Based on present measured concentrations in surface water and on literature derived toxicity data it was concluded that ecotoxicological effects nor estrogenic effects are likely to occur in the field situation. 相似文献
900.
David J. Carruthers Jenny R. Stocker Andrew Ellis Martin D. Seaton Stephen E. Smith 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2017,67(6):702-712
An explicit NOx chemistry method has been implemented in AERMOD version 15181, ADMSM. The scheme has been evaluated by comparison with the methodologies currently recommended by the U.S. EPA for Tier 3 NO2 calculations, that is, OLM and PVMRM2. Four data sets have been used for NO2 chemistry method evaluation. Overall, ADMSM-modeled NO2 concentrations show the most consistency with the AERMOD calculations of NOx and the highest Index of Agreement; they are also on average lower than those of both OLM and PVMRM2. OLM shows little consistency with modeled NOx concentrations and markedly overpredicts NO2. PVMRM2 shows performance closer to that of ADMSM than OLM; however, its behavior is inconsistent with modeled NOx in some cases and it has less good statistics for NO2. The trend in model performance can be explained by examining the features particular to each chemistry method: OLM can be considered as a screening model as it calculates the upper bound of conversion from NO to NO2 possible with the background O3 concentration; PVMRM2 includes a much-improved estimate of in-plume O3 but is otherwise similar to OLM, assuming instantaneous reaction of NO with O3; and ADMSM allows for the rate of this reaction and also the photolysis of NO2. Evaluation with additional data sets is needed to further clarify the relative performance of ADMSM and PVMRM2.
Implications: Extensive evaluation of the current AERMOD Tier 3 chemistry methods OLM and PVMRM2, alongside a new scheme that explicitly calculates the oxidation of NO by O3 and the reverse photolytic reaction, shows that OLM consistently overpredicts NO2 concentrations. PVMRM2 performs well in general, but there are some cases where this method overpredicts NO2. The new explicit NOx chemistry scheme, ADMSM, predicts NO2 concentrations that are more consistent with both the modeled NOx concentrations and the observations. 相似文献