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71.
Comparative survey of levels of chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in breast milk from some cities of China, Korea and Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Exposure of mothers to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was assessed by measuring the levels of 20 OCPs in 70 human breast milk samples pooled from 210 individuals from China, Korea and Japan. The OCPs were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) monitoring. The results showed that β-hexachlorocyclohexane and hexachlorobenzene were one order of magnitude higher in China than in the other nations, whereas chlordanes and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were highest in Japan. Heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, toxaphenes and mirex were detected in most samples, and levels of these chemicals were significantly higher in Japan (0.8-4.5 ng g−1 lipid), followed by Korea (0.2-4.7 ng g−1 lipid), and lowest in China (less than 1.0 ng g−1 lipid). α- and β-endosulfans were detected at a range of 0.9-1.5 ng g−1 lipid levels in all samples analyzed, and their levels were higher in Korean than in Chinese samples. 相似文献
72.
Suzuki Y Nakamura M Otsuka Y Suzuki N Ohyama K Kawakami T Sato K Kajita S Hishiyama S Fujii T Takahashi A Katayama Y 《Chemosphere》2011,83(6):868-872
We characterized the ability of the cell free extract from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins degrading bacterium Geobacillus sp. UZO 3 to reduce even highly chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins such as octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in incineration fly ash. The degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD) as a model dioxin catalyzed by the cell free extract from this strain implicates that the ether bonds of 2,7-DCDD molecule undergo reductive cleavage, since 4′,5-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether and 4-chlorophenol were detected as intermediate products of 2,7-DCDD degradation. 相似文献
73.
Tomoyuki Imai Toshiki Matsui Yasuhiko Fujii Tasuku Nakai Suminori Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):103-109
A new iron oxide catalyst, which has a superior oxidation activity in carbon monoxide and polyethylene (PE) combustion, was
synthesized by an aqueous solution reaction. Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over six kinds of hematite obtained from
the goethite was done using a microcatalytic pulse reactor, and the composition of the hematite with the highest oxidation
activity was determined. With the aim of suppressing dioxin formation on combustion, incineration tests of solid wastes in
PE refuse bags with and without the goethite were carried out using a commercial semibatch-type incinerator with a combustion
chamber of 6.2 m3. The result confirmed that the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas decreased considerably when the refuse was incinerated
in PE bags manufactured with goethite.
Received: July 24, 2000 / Accepted: October 18, 2000 相似文献
74.
Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by an Andosol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To identify the important soil components involved in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption on Andosols, 2,4-D adsorption on a surface horizon of an Andosol was compared with that on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated (soil organic matter [SOM] was removed), acid-oxalate (OX)-treated (active metal hydroxides and SOM were removed), and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)-treated (free and active metal [hydr]oxides and SOM were removed) soil samples at equilibrium pHs ranging from 4 to 8. Although the untreated soil contained a large amount of organic C (71.9 g kg-1), removal of SOM had little effect on 2,4-D adsorption. Active surface hydroxyls, which were attached to the active and free metal (hydr)oxides and metal SOM complexes, were identified as the most important soil functional group for 2,4-D adsorption. The dominant mechanism of the 2,4-D adsorption was a ligand exchange reaction in which the carboxylic group of 2,4-D displaced the active surface hydroxyl associated with metals and formed a strong coordination bond between the 2,4-D molecule and soil solid phase. The ligand exchange reaction reasonably accounted for the selective adsorption of 2,4-D over Cl-, competitive adsorption of phosphate over 2,4-D, reduction in plant-growth-inhibitory activity of soil-adsorbed 2,4-D, and the high 2,4-D adsorption ability of Andosols. Although a humic acid purified from the soil did not adsorb 2,4-D, the presence of the humic acid increased 2,4-D adsorption on Al and Fe, probably by inhibiting the hydrolysis and polymerization of Al and Fe resulting in the preservation of available adsorption sites on these metals. The adsorption behavior of 2,4-D on soils could be a good index for predicting the adsorption behavior of other organic acids in soils. 相似文献
75.
This study measures productive inefficiency within the context of multi-environmental pollution (eco-efficiency) in the Chinese industrial sector. The weighted Russell directional distance model is applied to measure eco-efficiency using production technology. The objective is to clarify how external factors affect eco-efficiency. The major findings are that both foreign direct investment and investment for pollution abatement improve eco-efficiency as measured by air pollutant substances. A levy system for wastewater discharge improves eco-efficiency as measured by wastewater pollutant substances. However, an air pollutant levy does not significantly affect eco-efficiency as measured by air pollutants. 相似文献
76.
Takashi Matsumura Hitoshi Sadakata Hiroshi Makihata Masahiko Yoshino 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2013,15(1):8-13
A micro fabrication is presented to control wettability on cylinder surfaces. A machine tool is developed to form the micro-scale structure on the cylinder in incremental stamping. The stamping tool is manufactured with fabricating the micro-scale structure on the top of the tool in FIB sputtering. The micro incremental stamping is repeated with linear motion of the tool and rotation of the workpiece. The rotation is controlled by the friction drive on the machine table because of the stable stamping with reducing bending of the workpiece. The critical stamping depth, the minimum depth in which the structure is formed, is determined in the forming tests using the structured tool. Then, a stripe type structure is formed to control wettability on the cylinder surface. Anisotropic wettability appears on the structured surface. 相似文献
77.
78.
Investigation of saponification for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of saponification conditions (temperature and water content of saponifying solution) on the determination of chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) in marine sediments were investigated. Although highly chlorinated biphenyls (nona- to deca-CBs) decomposed during high-temperature saponification, the degree of degradation was reduced by adding water to the ethanolic potassium hydroxide saponifying solution. Room-temperature saponification yielded quantitative recovery of highly chlorinated biphenyl surrogates but low extraction efficiencies of lightly chlorinated biphenyls (mono- to di-CBs). The same samples were analyzed by other extraction techniques, for example, pressurized liquid extraction, and analytical results were compared. The mono- and di-CB concentrations were correlated with the extraction temperatures of various extraction techniques. In particular, the concentrations of some CB congeners (CB11, CB14) were higher with saponification. The low degree of degradation of highly chlorinated biphenyls and the high recovery of lightly chlorinated biphenyls were compatible when room-temperature and high-temperature saponification were combined. Except for the anomalies of CB11 and CB14, the combined method gave satisfactory results for analysis of PCBs. 相似文献
79.
Saito K Ogawa M Takekuma M Ohmura A Kawaguchi M Ito R Inoue K Matsuki Y Nakazawa H 《Chemosphere》2005,61(9):1215-1220
A systematic method for analyzing dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor epoxide and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in human milk was developed to determine the residual amount of HCB in human milk and to evaluate the overall toxicity of both dioxins and HCB in human milk. The fractionation behavior of HCB on chromatography with silica gel, alumina, and activated carbon/silica gel, and the concentrated sulfuric acid decomposition method, which is widely used as a dioxin cleanup method, were studied in order to make the preprocessing operation for HCB measurement compatible with that for conventional dioxin measurement. HCB was found to be eluted in the 2% dichloromethane (DCM)/hexane 60 ml fraction from an alumina column. Heptachlor epoxide and a part of beta-HCH were eluted in the 10% DCM/hexane 50 ml fraction from a silica gel column, while the remaining beta-HCH was eluted in the 25% DCM/hexane 60 ml fraction from an activated carbon/silica gel column. Moreover, HCB showed significant correlation with dioxin congeners having high toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs). The results suggest that the exposure route to HCB and its accumulation behavior in the human body are similar to those of the dioxins. 相似文献
80.
Simulation study of phytoplankton photosynthesis and growth in the Fraser River estuary 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Phytoplankton photosynthesis was estimated by a simulation model of the Fraser River estuary (Canada). For this estimation, two kinds of information were considered; (1) the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton taken from the estuary to each environmental factor; (2) actual measurement of changes in each environmental factor in the estuary. As the major limiting factors, light intensity, temperature, and nitrate were taken into account. Variations in these parameters were combined together under the assumption of the law of the minimum; that is, only one of the environmental factors was considered to limit photosynthesis at any given time and place. From the results obtained, it could be shown which environmental factors actually limited phytoplankton photosynthesis in the Fraser River estuary at different times of the year and at different depths. 相似文献