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21.
有必要加强跨国及各国政府、商业界和文明社会之间的协同与合作.本文深入思考了可持续消费与生产的认知与观念能够如何有助于最有效的集中行动,为从开始就更一体化的环境和社会(以及经济)发展开辟机遇,鼓励能使发达国家和发展中国家双赢的双边、多边和多种利益相关者的协同与合作. 相似文献
22.
Lory JA Massey RE Zulovich JM Hoehne JA Schmidt AM Carlson MS Fulhage CD 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(3):1114-1123
Concerns about manure P and water quality have prompted new regulations imposing P limits on land application of manure. Previous research established that P limits increase land needs for animal feeding operations. We evaluated the effect of N, annual P, and rotation P limits on the feasibility of manure management. A mechanistic model characterized manure management practices on 39 swine operations (20 unagitated lagoon and 19 slurry operations) in five states (Iowa, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania). Extensive information collected from each operation was used to determine effects of manure storage type, ownership structure, and application limits on attributes of manure management. Phosphorus limits had substantially greater effect on slurry operations, increasing land needs 250% (0.3 hectares per animal unit [AU]) and time for manure application 24% (2.5 min AU(-1)) for rotation P limits and 41% (4.4 min AU(-1)) for annual P limits. Annual P limits were infeasible for current land application equipment on two operations and had the greatest effect on time and costs because they required all but three slurry operations to reduce discharge rate. We recommend implementing rotation P limits (not to exceed crop N need) to minimize time effects, allow most farmers to use their current manure application methods, and allow manure to fulfill crop N and P needs in the year of application. Phosphorus limits increased potential manure value but would require slurry operations to recover at least 61% of manure value through manure sales. Phosphorus limits are likely to shape the U.S. swine industry through differential effects on the various sectors of the swine industry. 相似文献
23.
Regional Environmental Change - Over the past decade, climate change adaptation has become an integral item on the climate policy agendas of several European countries. As such, researchers have... 相似文献