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121.
无锡鼋头渚夜鹭卵中有机氯农药残留及其环境指示意义 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
分析了太湖鼋头渚夜鹭卵中的有机氯农药残留情况,发现在禁用近20年后,HCH的异构体、DDT及其代谢物、异狄氏剂以及环氧七氯在夜鹭卵中都不有同程度的检出,其中β-HCH和p,p‘-DDE的残留水平和检出率均很高,p,p‘-DDE平均达到了0.906ug/g(干重)。研究发现无锡夜鹭卵中多数有机氯农药残留水平平均高于江西共青城地区的样品。无锡夜鹭卵孵化率较低。可能与DDE残留量较高有关。夜鹭卵中有机氯农药残留水平具有指示环境污染的意义。 相似文献
122.
This paper investigates the impacts of different turbulence models on the biological state at an ocean station in the northern Adriatic sea, named S3, comparing them with other uncertainties inherent to coupled physical–biological simulations. The numerical tool is a 1-D model resulting from the coupling of two advanced numerical models. The hydrodynamic part is modelled using the General Ocean Turbulence Model (www.gotm.net), in a version adopting state-of-the-art second-moment Turbulence Closure Models (TCMs). Marine biogeochemistry is parameterized with the Biogeochemical Flux Model (http://www.bo.ingv.it/bfm), which is a direct descendant of ERSEM (European Regional Sea Ecosystem Model). Results, obtained by forcing the model with hourly wind and solar radiation data and assimilating salinity casts, are compared against monthly observations made at the station during 2000–2001. Provided that modern second-moment TCMs are employed, the comparisons indicate that both the physical and the biological dynamics are relatively insensitive to the choice of the particular scheme adopted, suggesting that TCMs have finally ‘converged’ in recent years. As a further example, the choice of the nutrient boundary conditions has an impact on the system evolution that is more significant than the choice of the specific TCM, therefore representing a possible limitation of the 1-D model applied to stations located in a Region of Freshwater Influence. The 1-D model simulates the onset and intensity of the spring–summer bloom quite well, although the duration of the bloom is not as prolonged as in the data. Since local dynamics appears unable to sustain the bloom conditions well into summer, phytoplankton at the station was most likely influenced by river input or advection processes, an aspect that was not found when the S3 behaviour was adequately modelled using climatological forcings. When the focus is in predicting high-frequency dynamics, it is more likely that lateral advection cannot be neglected. While the physical state can be satisfactorily estimated at these short time scales, the accurate estimation of the biological state in coastal regions still appears as rather elusive. 相似文献
123.
From the 1980s, Mediterranean shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii have become regular summer visitors in the Gulf of Trieste (N-E Italy), as post-breeding movements from Croatian breeding
colonies. To characterize such a recent habit and to explore diving optimality models, we investigate foraging strategies
and diving patterns at different depths, during breeding and post-breeding seasons. Behavioural data were cross-checked with
the species’ diet. Shags foraged on and close to the sea bed, with a prevalent anticipatory breathing strategy. In the Gulf
of Trieste, the shallow depths and low mobility of prey allowed shags to use just the oxygen of the respiratory tract, reducing
the physiological stress for diving. In Croatia, dive costs increased with depth and prey mobility, resulting in a higher
oxygen expenditure that involved also respiratory stores. Such ecological and physiological aspects characterize the Gulf
of Trieste as an optimal area for feeding and restoring from the costs of breeding season incurred in Croatia and could be
the basis of these post-breeding movements. 相似文献
124.
Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati Diego Rubolini Maria Romano Marco Cucco Mauro Fasola Manuela Caprioli Nicola Saino 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):845-855
Maternal effects through albumen quality are largely unexplored, despite the fundamental role that albumen exerts as source
of proteins and water, as well as for antimicrobial defence of the embryo. We analysed the variation of two major albumen
antimicrobials, avidin and lysozyme, by extracting samples from freshly laid eggs of the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) and by correlating their levels to egg features. Lysozyme concentration increased along the laying sequence, while avidin
concentration decreased. Both antimicrobials declined during the season. In addition, avidin concentration declined from first-
to last-laid male eggs, whereas the opposite was true among the female eggs. We also analysed chick body mass and size and
immune response, in relation to albumen antimicrobial levels in their original egg while controlling for potential covariation
between egg quality and rearing conditions by cross-fostering eggs between nests. Tarsus length decreased with avidin concentration,
particularly early in the season. Avidin concentration negatively predicted tarsus length of chicks and the phytohaemagglutinin
response of females, but not males. However, chick phenotype did not covary with lysozyme albumen concentration. This is the
first study where maternal effects mediated by albumen antimicrobials are investigated in relation to both sex and egg features
in any wild bird species. Whether the observed patterns of variation in antimicrobial concentration are the by-product of
maternal physiological constraints, or reflect adaptive allocation strategies, cannot be ascertained. The covariation between
chick cell-mediated immunity and albumen avidin concentration might be causal, according to the documented effects of albumen
proteins on immunity in other species. 相似文献
125.
Nicola Saino Maria Romano Diego Rubolini Manuela Caprioli Roberto Ambrosini Mauro Fasola 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1813-1821
Parental decisions can determine offspring experience of environmental conditions. Such ‘maternal’ effects act both before and after hatching via, e.g., egg quality or the social milieu predisposed by parents. Resource availability may constrain the expression of adaptive maternal effects, and the specific pattern of allocation of these effects among offspring depending on their sex or birth order can result in different fitness payoffs to parents. Declining egg mass with laying order observed in several bird species may constitute an adaptive strategy of parental favouritism towards early hatching offspring with larger reproductive value but may also result from nutritional constraints on laying effort. A previous study has shown that the small size of the third, last laid (c-)egg in yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) clutches depends on food availability and that food-supplemented mothers increase the size of their female but not male c-eggs. Here, we show that increased mass of c-eggs laid by females supplemented with food after clutch initiation depends on increased albumen mass, which, in turn, enhances the size of daughters at hatching. Because asynchronous hatching results in a competitive disadvantage of c-chicks, present results suggest that mothers relieved from nutritional constraints enhance the size of daughters to compensate for their larger susceptibility to hatching last. The study also confirms the role of egg albumen content in determining hatchling size, previously experimentally detected only in one species in the wild. The effect of increased egg mass on offspring size persisted at least until day 8 after hatching, when, however, it did not vary with sex, suggesting intense negative selection on small female c-chicks in control broods. Hence, maternal effects mediated by egg albumen content had persistent effects on offspring size. 相似文献
126.
Aulenta F Bianchi A Majone M Petrangeli Papini M Potalivo M Tandoi V 《Environment international》2005,31(2):185-190
A microcosm study was used to assess the potential for in situ natural or enhanced bioremediation at a chloroethane- (i.e., tetrachloroethane, TeCA) and chloroethene-contaminated (i.e., tetrachloroethene, PCE; trichloroethene, TCE) groundwater in Northern Italy. All the live microcosms were positive for dechlorination, indicating the presence of an active native dechlorinating population in the subsurface. All the tested electron donors (i.e., yeast extract, lactate, butyrate, hydrogen) promoted enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated contaminants. Lactate- and butyrate-amended microcosms performed the best, and also dechlorinated the solvents past cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE). The microcosm bioaugmented with a PCE-dechlorinating mixed culture containing Dehalococcoides spp. dechlorinated groundwater contaminants to DCE, vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene (ETH). In conclusion, results from this microcosm study indicate the potential for enhancing full dechlorination at the contaminated site, through a proper addition of a suitable electron donor (e.g., lactate or butyrate) and/or through bioaugmentation with a Dehalococcoides-containing culture. 相似文献
127.
Stefano Colazza Mauro Lo Bue Daniela Lo Giudice Ezio Peri 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(8):975-981
Chemical footprints left behind by true bugs are perceived as contact kairomones by scelionid egg parasitoids. Female wasps
encountering a contaminated artificial substrate display a characteristic arrestment posture, holding the body motionless
and antennating the surface. In the system Nezara viridula (L.) and its egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston), previous studies have shown that the kairomone mediating such behavior is part of N. viridula’s cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) and furthermore that the wasp’s ability to discriminate host male and female footprints is mainly
based on the presence/absence of nonadecane (nC19). In this study, the effect of epicuticular waxes of leaves of broad bean, Vicia faba, on wasp responses to footprints of N. viridula females were investigated. Approximately 20% of T. basalis females displayed an arrestment posture when released on the adaxial leaf surfaces of broad bean plants with intact wax layer
and without host chemical contamination; whereas ∼70% of wasps displayed the arrestment posture when intact leaves were contaminated
by host female footprints. Adaxial leaf surfaces of broad bean plants dewaxed with an aqueous solution of gum arabic and afterwards
contaminated by N. viridula females induced arrestment responses in about 10% of female wasps; the same percentage of arrestment (10%) was observed when
the wasps were released on leaves contaminated by host females and subsequently dewaxed. The side of the polymer film that
was appressed to the leaf surface, peeled from the contaminated leaves, induced an arrestment posture in about 95% of observed
wasps. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the epicuticular waxes occurred as a film densely crystallized as
irregularly shaped platelets with spherical granules randomly distributed. These findings demonstrated that epicuticular waxes
of broad bean leaves can mediate the foraging behavior of T. basalis females by absorbing contact kairomones of the host. 相似文献
128.
Bastiancich Leone Lasagna Manuela Mancini Susanna Falco Mauro De Luca Domenico Antonio 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1971-1994
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In the context of global climate change, understanding the relationships between climate and groundwater is increasingly important. This study in the NW Alps... 相似文献
129.
Marcelo Enrique Conti Domenico Cucina Mauro Mecozzi 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(4):553-565
A regression model is proposed for studying the relationship between trace metals concentrations and weights of individuals
of Monodonta turbinata (Born), a gastropod mollusc used as a trace metal biomonitor of marine coastal areas. The model herein presented was developed
including sites as reference factors and showed very good correlations. The prevision model of contamination gave good results
for this kind of pollutants, and it can be used as a tool for monitoring programmes. 相似文献
130.
Mosca S Torelli GN Guerriero E Tramontana G Pomponio S Rossetti G Rotatori M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(5):1092-1099
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was signed in May 2001 by 127 countries. Currently, 12 substances are regulated by the convention, and the work on finding new candidate chemicals to the convention has started. Among these 12 substances, dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the objects of this study. There are no European standard methods for the simultaneous determination of these microorganic compounds, together with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air--they must be referred to three different methods developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The quali-quantitative analysis of these microorganic pollutants is an important challenge due to the low concentrations at which they may be present. In this study, the development of a simplified, alternative, fast and affordable sampling method for the determination of PAHs, PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in ambient air was performed. The sampling time was extended from 24 h to 7 d in order to enrich the sample, to fall within the instrumental limits of detection and to reduce the number of samples to be processed and, therefore, errors that may arise. First of all, experiments with labelled standards were conducted in the research area of Montelibretti (rural station, which is sited about 20 km northeast of Rome), with the purpose of optimizing sampling efficiency. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of these compounds in the air of a suburban area with small industrial plants in order to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed sampling method system, by comparing concentrations of native compounds acquired during simultaneous daily and weekly sampling. 相似文献