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181.
Md. Rezaur Rahman Md. Nazrul Islam Md. Monimul Huque 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(3):443-450
In the present work, sawdust reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated using an extruder and an injection molding
machine. Raw sawdust was chemically treated with benzene diazonium salt in order to improve the mechanical properties of the
composites. The effect of the chemically treated sawdust reinforced PP composites was evaluated from their mechanical and
surface morphological properties. The values of the mechanical properties of the chemically treated sawdust–PP composites
were found to be significantly higher than those of the raw ones. Water uptake tests revealed that composites prepared from
the chemically treated sawdust absorb lower amount of water compared to the ones prepared from raw sawdust, suggesting that
hydrophilic nature of the cellulose in the sawdust has significantly decreased upon chemical treatment. The surface morphology
obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that raw sawdust–PP composites possess surface roughness with extruded
filler moieties, and weak interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the filler while the chemically treated one showed improved
filler–matrix interaction. This indicates that better dispersion of the filler with the PP matrix has occurred upon chemical
treatment of the filler. 相似文献
182.
Raknuzzaman Mohammad Ahmed Md Kawser Islam Md Saiful Habibullah-Al-Mamun Md Tokumura Masahiro Sekine Makoto Masunaga Shigeki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(17):17298-17310
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace metals contamination in commercial fish and crustaceans have become a great problem in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to determine seven... 相似文献
183.
Rana Md. Masud Sulaiman Norela Sivertsen Bjarne Khan Md Firoz Nasreen Sabera 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(17):17393-17403
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dhaka and its neighboring areas suffer from severe air pollution, especially during dry season (November–April). We investigated temporal and... 相似文献
184.
The intent of this paper is to operationalize some aspects of local sustainability in a suitable development scenario and to compare its energy-use and environmental impacts to trend development. After a discussion of suburban sprawl, local sustainability, and the current state of the Pennypack Creek Watershed in the Philadelphia metro region, these residential location scenarios are presented. The latter were created using geographic information systems software and are based on projections from the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. The impacts of the scenarios on energy use, air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, and biological integrity were estimated with very few data, and the effect on the value of generic ecosystem services was assessed. The suitable development scenario was 29% better in terms of energy use and air and greenhouse gas emissions, 2.4% worse on water quality, and 2.6% better with respect to biological integrity. Given its net beneficial results, recommendations for policies to engender suitable development are made, and an outline of an implementation plan is proposed. Thoughts regarding refinements of the present work and the applicability of the methods used here to other watersheds conclude the work. 相似文献
185.
Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches: Application to environmental problems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Md. Zahangir ALAM Suleyman A. MUYIBI Mariatul F. MANSOR Radziah WAHID 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(1):103-108
Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process, Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800℃and physical activation at 150℃ (boiling treatment) were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control (untreated EFB) was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800℃. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH (2-3) and higher value of initial concentration of phenol (200-300 mg/L). The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price (USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon) compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes. 相似文献
186.
Heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and vegetables of the industrial areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, and Ni have been estimated in soils and vegetables grown in and around an industrial area of Bangladesh. The order of metal contents was found to be Fe > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd in contaminated irrigation water, and a similar pattern Fe > Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd was also observed in arable soils. Metal levels observed in different sources were compared with WHO, SEPA, and established permissible levels reported by different authors. Mean concentration of Cu, Fe, and Cd in irrigation water and Cd content in soil were much above the recommended level. Accumulation of the heavy metals in vegetables studied was lower than the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999), with the exception of Cd which exhibited elevated content. Uptake and translocation pattern of metal from soil to edible parts of vegetables were quite distinguished for almost all the elements examined. 相似文献
187.
Md. Rashed Chowdhury Pao-Shin Chu Xin Zhao Thomas A. Schroeder John J. Marra 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2010,14(1):53-62
The objective of this study is to provide a perspective on the extremes of sea-level variability and predictability for the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) on seasonal time-scales. Based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model, the L-moments method has been used to estimate the model parameters. The bootstrap method has been used to define the exceedance probability level of upper and lower bounds of the return periods at the 90% confidence interval. On the basis of these return calculations and expected extremes of high sea level, the seasonal maxima of sea level and the varying likelihood of extreme events have been estimated. For analyzing the predictability of the extremes of sea-level, a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) statistical model has been developed. Findings reveal that there is seasonal climatology of extreme events in the vicinity of USAPI that are variable on temporal and spatial scales. Some of the islands (Yap and Saipan) display considerably higher seasonal extremes than the others for 20 to 100 year return periods because of typhoon-related storm surges. These surges are likely to cause huge tidal large sea-level inundations and increased erosion to low-lying atolls/islands and result in considerable damage to roads, harbors, unstable sandy beaches, and other major infrastructures. Finally, the need for evaluating the extreme events and associated typhoons from a regional perspective has been stressed for coastal hazard management decision analyses in the USAPI. 相似文献
188.
Rates of shoreline change along the coast of Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bangladesh, at the confluence of the sediment-laden Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, supports an enormous and rapidly growing population (>140 million in 2011), across low-lying alluvial and delta plains that have accumulated over the past few thousand years. It has been identified as one of the most vulnerable places in the world to the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise. Although abundant sediment supply has resulted in accretion on some parts of the coast of Bangladesh, others are experiencing rapid erosion. We report a systematic assessment of rates of shoreline change over a 20-year period from 1989 to 2009, using Landsat satellite images with pixel resolution of 30 m on the ground. A Band ratio approach, using Band-5 divided by Band-2, discriminated the water line on images that were largely cloud-free, adequately registered, and at comparable tidal stages. Rates of shoreline change were calculated for >16,000 transects generated at 50 m intervals along the entire mainland coastline (>1,100 km) and major islands, using the End Point Rate (EPR) method in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension in ArcGIS®. Erosion characterises most of the seaward margin of the Sundarbans in western Bangladesh. Retreat rates of up to 20 m/yr are typical, with little evidence that local devastation of the mangrove fringe by Cyclone Sidr in November 2007 had resulted in uncharacteristic long-term rates of retreat where it made landfall. Erosion exceeded accretion in the Barguna Patuakhali coastal zone, most of which eroded at up to 20 m/yr, but with truncation of the southern tip of the Patharghata Upazila at up to 100 m/yr. In Bhola, erosion at rates of up to 120 m/yr were observed along much of the coast, but in the Noakhali Feni coastal zone, similar rates of erosion were balanced by rapid accretion of the main promontory by more than 600 m/yr. Rates of change were more subdued in the Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar coastal zones of southeast Bangladesh. Islands in the Meghna estuary were especially dynamic; Hatiya Island accreted along some of its shoreline by 50 km2 between 1989 and 2009, but lost 65 km2 through erosion elsewhere, resulting in the island moving south. Similar trends were observed on adjacent islands. The overall area changed relatively little across the entire coastline over the 20-year period with accretion of up to 315 km2, countered by erosion of about 307 km2. 相似文献
189.
Chhay Leaksmy Reyad Md Amjad Hossain Suy Rathny Islam Md Rafiqul Mian Md Manik 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1761-1770
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In the developing countries, the inadequacy of basic waste data is a significant obstacle for municipal solid waste management. To evaluate an... 相似文献
190.
Ta Yeong Wu Abdul Wahab Mohammad Jamaliah Md. Jahim Nurina Anuar 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(7):1467-1490
Palm oil production is one of the major industries in Malaysia and this country ranks one of the largest productions in the world. In Malaysia, the total production of crude palm oil in 2008 was 17,734,441 tonnes. However, the production of this amount of crude palm oil results in even larger amounts of palm oil mill effluent (POME). In the year 2008 alone, at least 44 million tonnes of POME was generated in Malaysia. Currently, the ponding system is the most common treatment method for POME but other processes such as aerobic and anaerobic digestion, physicochemical treatment and membrane filtration may also provide the palm oil industries with possible insights into the improvement of POME treatment processes. Generally, open ponding offers low capital and operating costs but this conventional method is becoming less attractive because the methane produced is wasted to the atmosphere and the system can not be certified for Carbon Emission Reduction trading. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion of POME provides the fastest payback of investment because the treatment enables biogas recovery for heat generation and treated effluent for land application. Lastly, it is proposed herewith that wastewater management based on the promotion of cleaner production and environmentally sound biotechnologies should be prioritized and included as a part of the POME management in Malaysia for attaining sustainable development. This paper thus discusses and compares state-of-the-art POME treatment methods as well as their individual performances. 相似文献