阜新市化石燃料燃烧源大气污染物排放源清单及特征分析

为了向阜新市化石燃料燃烧源大气环境管理工作提供排放清单的理论依据,通过对阜新市(5区、2县、2园区)环境统计数据的收集和实地调查,结合本地化大气排放因子,建立了2017年阜新市化石燃料燃烧源涵盖SO_2、NO_x、PM_(2. 5)、PM_(10)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、CO、黑碳(BC)、有机碳(OC) 8类大气污染物的排放清单。利用Arc Gis 10. 2遥感技术,分析了大气污染物时空分配特征。研究结果表明:8类污染物排放量分别为11 915. 49、7 215. 33、3 607. 78、2 002. 96、4 594. 72、4 277. 05、384. 15、16. 62 t;各类污染物的贡献率以及区域空间分布特征均存在差异,但其在时间上表现出一致性(除PM_(2. 5)),即在时间上均表现出两个峰值,高峰分别出现在夏季的七、八月和冬季的十一月至一月;县区中彰武县污染物排放较多,市区中太平区污染物排放较多;火力发电和热力供应企业对阜新市大气污染贡献较大,应当重点管控。     

The effect of emission trading system on infant health: evidence from China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Although existing literature has explored the effect of the emission trading system (ETS) on economic growth and pollution emissions, little is known about...     

EMERGY analysis for sustainability evaluation of the Baiyangdian wetland ecosystem in China

This study presents a quantitative and ecological benefit evaluation of the Baiyangdian wetland in China between the years 2000 and 2006. Methods of EMERGY analysis were applied to illustrate the wetland ecosystem, to evaluate the economic and environmental inputs and consequent yields, and to assess the sustainability of the Baiyangdian wetland. The indicators for the integrated ecological and economic system, such as EMERGY yield ratio (EYR) (7.51), EMERGY investment ratio (EIR) (4.52), environmental loading ratio (ELR) (2.92), EMERGY exchange ratio (0.41), and EMERGY sustainable indicator (ESI) (2.57) were calculated, compared, analyzed, and discussed. The non-renewable investment in Baiyangdian was greater than renewable investment, leading to the unsustainable development of the system. High EYR indicated that the Baiyangdian integrated system had created huge profits for its people, while ELR and ESI revealed that human behavior has been a heavy burden on the environment, and countermeasures should be taken by the Chinese government to relieve and resolve these problems. Potential management methods were also proposed in this paper.     

超临界水氧化法处理酚水溶液初步研究

为探讨在超临界状态下苯酚水溶液的氧化分解情况,应用了间歇式高压釜进行了实验。实验结果表明：停留时间增加,转化率提高;在超临界条件下,反应的温度和压力对苯酚的氧化分解影响不大;在氧气充足的情况下,苯酚浓度的增加不会对苯酚的分解转化率产生大的影响。     

基于全面风险管理的环境风险信息系统(ERIS)建设研究

建立环境风险信息系统(ERIS)是加强区域信息共享、提高综合决策能力、扩大公众参与程度的有效方式。针对当前环境风险信息应用中存在的异化问题,基于全面风险管理的理论内涵,遵循信息管理要求,结合环境风险信息特点,通过主体管理、要素控制和资源支持3个方面的协同作用创立了ERIS正四面体模型,提出了ERIS的全过程控制实践结构和信息数据库分层管理体系;从完善支撑体系、提高信息收集能力、强化信息处理决策、增进区域联动和公众参与等5个方面优化建设内容,为大规模区域开发形势下环境安全战略的实施提供参考。     

Wise Use of Wetlands: Current State of Protection and Utilization of Chinese Wetlands and Recommendations for Improvement

Wetland protection and utilization sometimes appear to be in conflict, but promoting the wise use of wetlands can solve this problem. All countries face the challenge of sustainable development of wetlands to a greater or lesser extent, but the problem is especially urgent in developing countries, such as China, that want to accelerate their economic development without excessive environmental cost. Chinese wetlands contribute greatly to economic development, but improper use of these natural resources has endangered their existence. It is thus necessary to provide scientific guidance to managers and users of wetlands. In this paper, we analyze the present status of Chinese wetland protection and utilization, and discuss problems in six categories: a lack of public awareness of the need for wetland protection; insufficient funding for wetland protection and management; an imperfect legal system to protect wetlands; insufficient wetland research; lack of coordination among agencies and unclear responsibilities; and undeveloped technologies related to wetland use and protection. The wise use of Chinese wetlands will require improvements in four main areas: increased wetland utilization research, scientific management of wetland utilization, improved laws and regulations to protect wetlands, and wider dissemination of wetland knowledge. Based on these categories, we propose a framework for the optimization of wetland use by industry to provide guidance for China and other countries that cannot sacrifice economic benefits to protect their wetlands.     

三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化

为探讨三江源区2000—2010年草地植被的时空演变特征,定量评价三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化,采用植被覆盖度和NPP 2个生态参数,分析三江源区草地生态系统的时间变化特征和空间分布规律.结果表明:2000—2010年三江源区草地年均植被覆盖度为26.89%,年均NPP（以C计）为34.35 g/m2,11 a间二者均呈增加趋势.三江源区草地质量具有明显的季节性变化特征,呈南高北低、东高西低的空间分布格局.从11 a的平均结果来看,三江源区草地植被覆盖度在8月达到最大值,约为59.19%;而草地NPP在7月达到最大值,为98.53 g/m2.气温是三江源区草地植被覆盖度变化的主要影响因子,而雨热不同期则造成三江源区草地NPP的年际波动变化.植被覆盖变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果.研究显示,2000—2010年三江源区草地生态系统质量有所改善,特别是生态工程实施后,草地生态系统质量明显好转.三江源区需在促进农牧业产业升级和资源优化配置的基础上,继续采取积极的减压增效措施,真正实现草畜平衡,达到生态保护的目的.      

A~2O-人工湿地组合工艺对污水中油类物质的去除研究

以河源市城南生活污水处理厂为平台,研究了A2O-人工湿地组合工艺对污水中油类物质的去除效果。结果表明:经过A2O-人工湿地组合工艺处理后,污水中油类物质的去除可达96.5%以上,出水水质基本达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二类污染物一级排放标准;同时探讨了该组合工艺对城市含油污水的净化机制以及系统运行的限制性因素,系统内部油类物质被降解和去除的过程,确立可推广应用的A2O-人工湿地组合工艺对含油废水的深度处理系统。     

Research on low carbon management using a scientific classification method

This research is aimed at the rapid development of a low-carbon economy, in which we propose the classification and application of relevant management measures to affect the development of environmental management ideas and measures of the low-carbon economy, which we called as low carbon management measures. According to scientific analysis of the lowcarbon economy, we can divide low-carbon management measures into three parts: measures for reduction of carbon sources, carbon flow planning, and increase of carbon sinks. Furthermore, we list the advantages that China can utilize to develop its own low-carbon management measures. In the end, necessary adjustments to environmental management measures in China can be made according to this scientific classification.     

Spatial–temporal variations of carbon storage of the global forest ecosystem under future climate change

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Forests play an important role in sequestrating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, in order to understand the...