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91.
Luther V. Gibson Jr. Leonard K. Peters 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):218-223
The conventional gausslan plume equation for ground level concentrations was used to estimate hourly average sulfur dioxide concentrations at selected points in Louisville, KY, on specific days during 1973. Area emission sources were not included in the model since they are not substantial. The trajectory of the emissions from each continuous point source was calculated by a procedure that allowed for spatial variability in wind direction. All other meteorological parameters were held constant during each hour. The twenty-four individual hourly estimates at each location for a given day were arithmetically averaged yielding a daily mean. The model predictions were compared to actual measurements conducted by Jefferson County Air Pollution Control District personnel using the West-Gaeke sampling procedure. The sample correlation coefficient for all predictions was low, but after only about 30% of the predictions were eliminated on statistical grounds, the sample correlation coefficient was increased to 0.72. The statistical analysis appeared to discard a reasonable number of predictions on the basis of observed variability in the measured air quality. 相似文献
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94.
Melanie Dare 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(2):205-228
A reduction in the legitimacy of top-down governance approaches has resulted in many government agencies using decentralised governance approaches, including localism. However, the effective implementation of localism is challenging. Localism aims to encourage innovative context-based solutions; however unanticipated implementation problems often constrain localism outcomes. There is a significant gap in our understanding of localism in practice, with a better understanding essential to improve localism design and implementation. This paper contributes to addressing this gap through an empirical examination of localism in action. Using the CLEAR framework, we evaluate the decentralised governance of environmental water in the Australian state of New South Wales, a contentious, uncertain and multi-level governance environment. Qualitative interviews with 58 Environmental Water Advisory Group members identified barriers to an effective localism approach, including issues of access and capacity development, transparency of decision-making outcomes and power inequities. This understanding enables the development of strategies for improved localism practice. 相似文献
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96.
Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of two castor cultivars in relation to antioxidant systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hanzhi Zhang Qingjun Guo Junxing Yang Tongbin Chen Guangxu Zhu Marc Peters Rongfei Wei Liyan Tian Chunyu Wang Deyun Tan Jie M Gangming Wang Yingxin Wan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(10):2048-2055
To investigate the effects of Cd on tolerance and antioxidant activities of castor, two different castor(Ricinus communis L.) cultivars(Zibo No. 5 and Zibo No. 8) were used for a hydroponic experiment(0, 1 and 2 mg/L Cd) and a pot experiment using Cd-contaminated soil(34 mg/kg) with the addition of ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid(EDTA). The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two cultivars with respect to Cd uptake in shoots(113–248 mg/kg for Zibo No. 5 and 130–288 mg/kg Zibo No. 8), biomass tolerance indexes(64.9%–74.6% for Zibo No. 5 and 80.1%–90.9% for Zibo No. 8) in the hydroponic experiment and survival rates(0% for Zibo No. 5 and 100% for Zibo No. 8)determined by the addition of EDTA in the pot experiment, suggesting that Zibo No. 8 has higher tolerance than Zibo No. 5. Moreover, the castor cultivars have low bioconcentration factors(4.80% for Zibo No. 5 and 5.43% for Zibo No. 8) and low translocation factors(〈1%).Consequently, Zibo No. 8 can participate in Cd phytostabilization in highly Cd-polluted areas. The results indicated that glutathione(GSH) as a non-enzymatic antioxidant, and antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase(GPX), were cultivar- and dose-dependent. The higher tolerance of Zibo No. 8compared with Zibo No. 5 can be attributed to the higher GSH levels in the root and higher GPX activity in the leaf. 相似文献
97.
Introduction of alien species is a major threat to biological diversity. Although public attention typically focuses on the species level, guidelines from the Convention of Biological Diversity define alien species to include entities below species level. This inclusion recognizes that release of nonlocal populations of native species may also result in negative effects on biodiversity. In practice, little is known about the extent, degree of establishment, or the effects on natural gene pools of such releases. Existing information on the releases in Sweden shows that alien populations are spread to a great extent. The most commonly released species include brown trout, Atlantic salmon, Arctic char, common whitefish, Scots pine, Norway spruce, mallard duck, gray partridge, and pheasant. Although millions of forest trees, fish, and birds are released annually, poor documentation makes the geographic and genetic origin of these populations, as well as the sites where they have been released, largely unclear. We provide recommendations for urgently needed first steps relating to the risks and problems associated with release of alien populations. 相似文献
98.
Seidel B Alm M Peters R Kördel W Schäffer A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(2):125-130
Background Due to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), specified risk material (SRM) as well as animal meat and bone meal (MBM)
are banned from the food and feed chain because of a possible infection with pathogenic prions (PrPSc). Nowadays, prions are
widely accepted to be responsible for TSE(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)-caused illnesses like BSE and scrapie,
and especially for the occurrence of the new variant of CJD in humans. Presently, SRM and MBM are burnt under high temperatures
to avoid any hazards for humans, animals or the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate a method using animal fat
separated from Category I material which includes SRM and the carcasses of TSE-infected animals, or animals suspected of being
infected with TSE, as a source for producing biodiesel by transesterification, analogous to the biodiesel process using vegetable
oil.
Methods For this purpose, animal fat was spiked with scrapie-infected hamster brain equivalents – as representative for a TSE-infected
animal – and the biodiesel manufacturing process was downscaled and performed under lab-scale conditions.
Results and Discussion The results analysed by Western blotting showed clearly that almost each single step of the process leads to a significant
reduction of the concentration of the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in the main and side-products.
Conclusion The data revealed that the biodiesel production, even from material with a high concentration of pathogenic prions, can be
considered as safe.
Recommendations and Outlook The obtained results indicated that biodiesel produced from prion-contaminated fat was safe under the tested process conditions.
However, it has to be pointed out that the results cannot be generalized because a different process control using other conditions
may lead to different results and then has to be analysed independently. It is clear that the production of biodiesel from
high risk material represents a more economic usage than the combustion of such material. 相似文献
99.
100.
Susannah Grice John Stedman Andrew Kent Melanie Hobson John Norris John Abbott Sally Cooke 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(13):2154-2167
An assessment of recent trends in primary NO2 emissions has been carried out for ten case study locations across the European Union. Estimates of the percentage of NOx from road traffic emitted as primary NO2 (f-NO2) have been derived for 1995, 2000 and 2005 by combining the results of a literature survey of primary NO2 emission factors for different vehicle types and technologies with an emission inventory. Estimates of f-NO2 have also been derived from ambient monitoring data at roadside sites in each case study location using a model.The results of the analysis of trends show that f-NO2 has increased in recent years and that the rate of increase has been greatest since 2000. f-NO2 has increased from 8.6% in 2000 to 12.4% in 2004 as an average across the monitoring sites and from an average of 6.3% in 2000 to 10.6% in 2005 as an average of the emission inventory based calculations for the case study countries. f-NO2 is predicted to increase further to an average of 19.6% in 2010 and 32.0% in 2020 as a result of the further penetration of exhaust after treatment technologies for diesel vehicles in the fleets. This increase is expected to be offset by the large reduction in NOx emissions over this period, resulting in an increase in NO2 emissions from road traffic to 2015, followed by a decline to close to 2004 levels by 2020. Estimates of future ambient NO2 concentrations have also been calculated for the roadside monitoring sites included in the study. At 29 out of 45 of these sites the annual mean NO2 limit value is predicted to be exceeded in 2010. At 22 of these sites, the annual mean concentration is expected to remain above the limit value until 2020 and beyond. 相似文献