注浆法治理公路黄土暗穴病害的试验研究

注浆法是公路工程中治理暗穴的一种新方法.针对湿陷性黄土地区公路工程中大量发育的暗穴病害,通过室内浆液材料物理力学性能试验与工程现场模拟注浆效果试验,分析了以水泥为主剂的注浆材料在不同配合比情况下治理公路工程中暗穴的效果.室内外试验结果分析表明:浆液水灰比在2.5∶1～1.5∶1之间较为适宜;在不影响路基路面的正常压力下有效的加固半径是1.0 m～1.5 m;在特殊情况下为了使浆液快速凝结可以加入一定量的水玻璃作为速凝剂;可以采用二次注浆加强治理的效果.     

植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究进展

有效控制水华,治理富营养化水体是目前环境领域的研究热点和前沿。植物化感作用抑藻作为一种新型的生物抑藻技术已备受关注。多种生活类型的水生植物对藻类均有化感抑制作用,现已从一些水生植物中分离得到具有抑藻活性的化感物质,并对其抑藻特性和机理开展了一定研究。文章对化感作用的概念、水生植物对藻类的化感抑制作用、水生植物中化感物质的分离鉴定及其抑藻特性以及化感作用抑藻机理等进行了较系统的论述。还对今后植物化感作用抑藻技术的研究方向进行了展望,提出应多学科结合,对化感物质对不同藻类的影响及其选择性抑制机理做更深入的研究。     

利用城市垃圾焚烧溶融灰渣制作透水性砖块

城市垃圾焚烧溶融灰渣，选择筛分不同粒径，混合配比添加木屑、烧结剂、淀粉等，烧结成透水性砖块，作性能试验考查弯曲强度和透水性能。本实验适用于垃圾焚烧灰渣、飞灰及下水污泥焚烧灰渣等的有效处理及资源化再利用。     

浅述职业紧张对员工健康的影响及干预策略

随着医学模式从生物医学模式向生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变,心理社会因素对健康的影响日益加重。文章探讨职业紧张与健康的关系及其可能会给作业员工健康造成的损害和相关干预措施。得出:职业紧张对健康的影响是较长时间内过大的压力所表现出来的累积性反应,其发展过程是缓慢和渐进的,可能会出现高血压、冠心病、中风、睡眠障碍等症状,在日常工作中,有必要采取有针对性的干预措施,其最基本的办法是干预生产活动中的紧张因素,提高作业员工的控制和适应能力,最终达到良性循环。     

地铁动荷载作用下隧道-地裂缝-地层的三维动力响应

为了探明西安地裂缝场地地铁动荷载作用下的隧道-地层动力响应特征,提出了基于ABAQUS的地铁振动响应三维模拟方法,实现了地铁多轮对荷载的移动。通过有限元计算,得到了整体式隧道的振动响应特征和振动波在地裂缝场地的传播规律,并将有无地裂缝时的振动响应进行了对比,分析了地裂缝对振动响应的影响。计算表明:单节车辆诱发振动沿纵向的影响范围不超过75 m;地铁运行诱发的振动以竖向为主,振动沿横向传播时水平振动衰减较慢;在本次模拟工况下,地裂缝的存在对地裂缝邻近约12 m范围内土体的振动影响较大,对衬砌结构的影响不显著。     

秦岭山区某路基沉陷成因及对策

路基坍塌是秦岭山区公路的主要病害之一.以108国道K1561+250段路基沉陷为例,结合工程地质和水文地质条件对其形成的原因进行了分析,认为该段路基的沉陷与地下水和气候条件有密切关系.在考虑暴雨对坡体影响的基础上,对该坡体进行了稳定性计算评价.以此为依据,确定了锚固工程辅以排水的整治方案,并按工程要求进行了整治设计,经工程整治后检验,该方案起到了稳固坡体的作用.     

The effect of cattle slurry electroflotation products as fertilizers on gaseous emissions and grassland yield

The climatic conditions of the Basque Country (northern Spain) provide the favorable conditions for the growth of grasslands and the development of livestock enterprises. The intensification of the farms is leading to serious environmental risks due to the great generation of manures and slurries and their subsequent inefficient management. Their application involves N losses that can be pollutant. The environmental company ADE BIOTEC S.L. is developing the process called "electroflotation" with the aim of reducing the volume of slurries from intensive livestock farms. The process consists basically of an electrolysis of the slurry catalyzed by iron which leads to the flocculation of the solid particles, giving as a final result a solid and a liquid fraction. The objective of this work was to assess the usefulness of these two fractions as fertilizers. With this aim, the environmental risk of their application was determined regarding gaseous emissions to the atmosphere (i.e., of NO, NH(3), N(2)O, and CO(2)) and their fertilizer capacity was investigated by determining their effects on grassland yield and N uptake in comparison to the untreated slurry. The untreated slurry and the solid and the liquid fractions were all applied at a rate of 70 kg NH(4)(+)-N ha(-1). The application of the products of electroflotation did not affect N(2)O and CO(2) losses, being of the same magnitude as those caused by the application of the original slurry. However, after their application, a reduction in NH(3) volatilization losses was induced in the short term and a reduction in NO losses was caused in the long term. The solid and liquid fractions both increased biomass yield with respect to the untreated slurry. The solid fraction even induced a higher N uptake than the liquid fraction and the untreated slurry.     

新型微波化学工艺处理电镀废水初探

简要介绍微波化学工艺的反应机理和技术特点,以现有理论为基础,借助工程实践初步探讨微波化学工艺对电镀废水的处理效果。通过广东省某电镀废水处理厂对微波化学工艺的实际应用表明,该技术工艺具有投资少、调试期短、运行费用低、处理效果显著等优点,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。同时,又可以实现污水回用及废水资源化,符合国家环境保护政策,电镀废水经处理后,出水水质能够达到广东省DB44／26--2001《水污染物排放限值》一级标准。     

Sewage pollution effects on mesozooplankton structure in a shallow temperate estuary

The effects of a sewage effluent with no treatment on the mesozooplankton structure and the environmental quality were evaluated in the Bahía Blanca Estuary, during June to November 1995. The highest values of particulate organic matter, nutrients and specially phosphate, were observed in the effluent discharge zone. In addition, taxa richness, mesozooplankton abundance and Shannon diversity values were lower in the sewage discharge area compared with the less polluted area. Eurytemora americana and Acartia tonsa as well as larvae of Balanus glandula, Neohelice granulata and Spionidae were found in the discharge area with lower densities. These results highlight the importance of sewage effluent effects on mesozooplankton community providing background data to use in other monitoring programmes.     

低温作业对人体的危害及防寒工作服的性能评价

防寒工作服是冬季保护石油行业室外作业人员的重要措施。文章阐述了低温环境对石油行业室外作业人员身体健康的影响,列举了防寒工作服生产和检测的重要性能参数和测定方法,概括了国内外对于防寒工作服生产和检测的相关标准,展望了防寒工作服研发应用空间和发展方向,对防寒工作服的研究和配备有一定的参考价值。