Effect of electrokinetic property of charged polyether sulfone membrane on bovine serum albumin fouling behavior

Negatively charged carboxymethylated polyethersulfone (CMPES) and positively charged quaternized polyethersulfone (QAPES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by bulk chemical modification and non-solvent induced phase separation method. The effects of PES membrane interfacial electrokinetic property on the bovine serum albumin (BSA) membrane fouling behavior were studied with the aid of the membrane-modified colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. Electrokinetic test results indicated that the streaming potential (ΔE) of QAPES membrane was not consistent with its expected IEC value, however, within the pH range of 3–10, the ζ potentials of two charged-modified PES membranes were more stable than the unmodified membrane. When pH value was 3, 4.7 or 9, the interaction behavior between charged PES membrane and BSA showed that there was significant linear correlation between the jump distance r ₀ of membrane-BSA adhesion force (F/R) and the ζ potential absolute value. Charged modification significantly reduced the adhesion of PES membrane-BSA, and the adhesion data was good linear correlated with the flux decline rate in BSA filtration process, especially reflected in the CMPES membrane. The above experimental facts proved that the charged membrane interfacial electric double layer structure and its electrokinetic property had strong ties with the protein membrane fouling behavior.

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Preparation of La-modified magnetic composite for enhanced adsorptive removal of tetracycline

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composite adsorbents usually outperform single component adsorbents as they could combine the properties and advantages of each component. In this...     

响应面法和神经网络优化Acinetobacter sp. DNS32发酵基质

为了提高阿特拉津降解菌Acinetobacter sp.DNS32的产量,分别采用响应曲面法和基于人工神经网络的遗传算法对阿特拉津降解菌DNS32发酵培养基中3个重要基质成分(玉米粉、豆饼粉、K2HPO4)进行优化研究。响应曲面法确定3种成分的含量为玉米粉39.494 g/L,豆饼粉25.638 g/L和K2HPO43.265 g/L时,预测发酵活菌最大生物量为7.079×108CFU/mL,实测量为7.194×108CFU/mL;人工神经网络结合遗传算法优化确定3种主要成分含量为玉米粉为39.650 g/L,豆饼粉为25.500 g/L,K2HPO4为2.624 g/L时,预测最大值为7.199×108CFU/mL,实测量为7.244×108CFU/mL;最终确定培养基配方:玉米粉为39.650 g/L,豆饼粉为25.500 g/L,K2HPO4为2.624 g/L,CaCO3为3.000 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O和NaCl均为0.200 g/L;优化后阿特拉津降解菌DNS32发酵生物量比优化前提高了36.6%。结果表明,在阿特拉津降解菌DNS32发酵培养基组分优化方面,响应面法和基于人工神经网络的遗传算法都是可行的,基于人工神经网络的遗传算法具有更好的拟合度和预测准确度。     

树脂固定床吸附含酚废水预测模型研究

针对应用于实际工业化的树脂固定床吸附研究较少,而与之相关的固定床吸附穿透曲线可以用来确定固定床吸附操作参数,为固定床的设计和实际操作提供指导。通过对恒定波振荡理论和吸附等温方程的联合,来预测固定床吸附穿透曲线;并研究了不同操作条件对大孔弱碱树脂吸附对硝基酚穿透曲线预测模型的影响。以期望为树脂固定床的设计和实际工业应用产生指导意义。     

基于RS和GIS的山东省17城市生态环境质量动态变化研究

运用遥感动态监测与地理信息系统技术相结合的方法,以2005年和2009年遥感解译数据、土地侵蚀数据及环境统计数据为数据源,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T192-2006),对山东省17个城市生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行了评价。结果表明:2009年17个城市生态环境状况指数在59.81～78.08之间,生态环境质量状况总体良好;2005-2009年17城市生态环境状况指数变化值在0.06～3.5之间,生态环境质量状况基本稳定。     

The OH-induced degradation mechanism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) with two forms in the water: a DFT comparison

The initial degradation mechanisms of OH and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) including molecular form and anionic form are studied at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df, 2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d, p) level. Possible reaction pathways of H-atom abstraction and OH addition are considered in detail. By result comparison analysis, it is found that the reaction mechanisms for OH and two forms of MCPA are different, and most reactions for anionic MCPA are easier than those for molecular MCPA. For H-atom abstraction reactions, the calculated energies show that OH abstracting H-atom from -CH₃ group of molecular MCPA is the most kinetically favorable process; the potential energy surface for anionic MCPA indicates that H-atom in -CH₂ group is slightly easier to be abstracted than that in -CH₃ group. For OH addition reactions, the addition of OH to the C1 site is the initial step for molecular MCPA and the predominant product is 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (denoted P3), while the C4 site is the most reactive site for anionic MCPA and the primary product results from the hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation. In additional, results from PCM calculations show that most reactions in water phase are more kinetically favorable than those in gas phase, though the mechanisms discussed above will not be changed.     

竹炭-微生物联合法对沼液中氨氮的去除

采用竹炭-微生物联合法,考察了竹炭用量、菌液用量、进水氨氮浓度、pH、DO、HRT等因素对氨氮废水处理效果的影响;同时采用对比实验,初步探讨了竹炭-微生物联合法处理沼液的作用机理。结果表明,竹炭-微生物法去除沼液氨氮的最优条件推荐为:竹炭用量30 g/L,微生物活性液用量3%,pH 7.0～8.0,DO为2 mg/L,HRT为48 h。竹炭-微生物法对沼液氨氮的去除过程可用一级反应动力学模型C=272.56e-0.0148描述,其去除效果来源于竹炭吸附和生物降解的协同作用,协同程度为48.45%。     

核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb2＋的吸附

实验通过间歇吸附方式研究了核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附特性,探讨了核桃壳粉粒径及用量、溶液pH、Pb^2＋初始浓度等参数对吸附的影响,并讨论了吸附过程的热力学和动力学特征。结果表明,核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋吸附的最佳pH为5．0,去除率随吸附剂粒径的减小、用量的增加、Pb^2＋初始浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下,0～0．3mm15g／L的吸附剂在298K时,对pH=5的50mL50mg／LPb^2＋溶液的去除率达96．98％。核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋的吸附等温线符合Sips模型,在283、293和303K的最大吸附量分别为18．25、18．27和20．94mg／g。吸附过程是放热的、混乱度减小的自发过程,且符合准二级动力学模型。吸附速率常数随温度升高而减小,在293和303K时分别在90和120min基本达到平衡。结合FTIR和SEM手段发现核桃壳对Pb^2＋的吸附以物理吸附为主,同时包括离子交换、螯合等化学吸附以及颗粒内扩散步骤,是一个复杂的过程。     

西安市及周边地区MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度关系模型研究

西安是空气污染监控和防治有代表性的西部大型城市。研究了西安市及周边地区上空气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度的关系模型。利用2011—2012年MODIS卫星气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）遥感产品,通过数据匹配,利用地面气象观测站点的能见度数据和相对湿度数据对AOD产品进行垂直标高订正和湿度订正,2项订正显著提高了AOD和地面PM10浓度的相关性,相关系数从0．36提高到0．65,按季节分类统计和订正春至冬四季的相关系数分别为0．57、0．71、0．62和0．87,夏季和冬季的订正更为有效,可用性更高,这可能由于受到不同季节气溶胶来源和特征的影响。为研究中国西部大型城市,特别是西安市空气环境监测和区域联防联控提供了一种有效方法。     

3种运行模式下CAST工艺脱氮性能

以模拟城市污水为处理对象,采用循环式活性污泥法（CAST）反应器,对3种运行模式（M1：常规模式,M2：缺氧好氧模式、M3：缺氧好氧交替模式）下系统的脱氮性能进行了研究,比较了各模式下CAST反应器的氨氮和总氮的去除效率,并对各模式下典型周期内氮基质浓度变化进行了考察,以确定系统的脱氮模式。结果表明,在氨氮去除不成为限制条件（去除率〉90％）的条件下,3种运行模式下系统总氮的平均去除率分别为67．3％、70．6％和82．4％,以缺氧好氧交替模式下的最高;M1、M2和M3均可实现亚硝酸型硝化,但随着温度的升高,亚硝酸型硝化逐渐消失。静态实验分析表明,3种模式下系统的氨氧化速率大小次序为：vN：M1〉vN：M2〉vN：M3,反硝化速率大小次序为：vDN,M2〉vDN,M3〉vDN,M1。