京津冀地区钢铁行业高时空分辨率排放清单方法研究

针对目前京津冀地区钢铁行业大气污染物排放量基数不清,排放清单缺失的现状,以钢铁行业调研、企业在线监测、污染源调查等数据为基础,综合考虑钢铁行业具体工艺设备、环保措施、产能等信息,按照自下而上的方法建立了一套高时空分辨率排放清单.经计算,2012年京津冀地区钢铁企业排放SO2为47.16万t,NOx为37.22万t,烟粉尘为34.15万t,其中烧结和高炉工艺为京津冀钢铁行业污染物的主要来源;从空间分布来看,唐山、邯郸两地区集中了整个京津冀地区一半以上的钢铁企业,其污染物排放量占到了整个区域钢铁企业排放总量的一半以上.     

长江-洪泽湖段突发跨界污染风险交流信息图谱研究

在分析我国当前环境风险交流存在问题基础上,将信息图谱引入到流域突发跨界环境污染风险交流中.参考公共卫生领域信息图谱制定步骤,结合突发跨界环境污染风险管理特点与要求,构建流域突发跨界环境污染利益相关方构架体系.编制流域突发跨界环境污染事件利益相关方问题清单框架,对流域突发跨界环境污染利益相关方问题计算权重,按权重大小进行排序分类.以南水北调东线工程长江-洪泽湖段为研究区域,绘制风险交流信息图谱,利用ArcGIS制作信息图谱单元图以及单元表实现对海量信息资料的挖掘、提炼与表达,不仅满足了利益相关方对于信息的迫切需求,提高了环境风险交流效率,保证了突发跨界环境污染应急处理处置措施的有力实施.同时也为利益相关方进行有效的风险沟通提供了预见性、准确的关键信息与支持信息,为流域突发跨界环境污染风险决策提供辅助信息工具.     

北京市可持续发展实验区工业领域能源利用研究

能源利用、环境保护与可持续发展问题的研究已成为一个重要课题。本文讨论了以高能耗为特征的北京市工业可持续发展问题,选取北京市可持续发展实验区的怀柔区和石景山区作为主要研究对象,针对实验区工业领域典型企业进行广泛调研,分析了高能耗工业企业能源利用情况及其特点。研究结果表明,怀柔和石景山可持续发展实验区均呈现能源消费高度集中的主要特征。此外,对代表性企业实施的余热回收和水资源循环利用等节能改造方案进行深入研究,并进行技术经济分析。继续深入挖掘潜力,为"十二五"期间可持续发展实验区工业节能工作的深化和细化奠定基础。     

基于间隔偏最小二乘法短程硝化反硝化中无机盐氮的近红外光谱

采用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)研究短程硝化反硝化系统中稳定条件下无机盐氮的变化规律,利用小波去噪法对无机盐氮的近红外光谱进行预处理,并用间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)建立无机盐氮含量的校正模型(iPLS模型).结果表明:小波去噪法对原始光谱中的部分噪声进行滤除,从而提高了模型的精度.采用最小二乘法对预处理后的光谱进行建模,优选出最佳波长区间并将光谱划分为20个子区间,优选出的氨氮特征波数为8243~8663cm-1,亚硝酸盐氮特征波数为4000~4420cm-1.所建模型对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮校正时的相关系数(rc)分别达到0.9582、0.9544,校正均方根误差(RMSECV)分别为0.0321、0.0406;预测时的相关系数(rp)分别为0.9184、0.8816,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.0790、0.0451.采用实际污水为原水时校正模型对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮预测的相关系数(rp￠)分别为0.9190、0.8739,预测均方根误差(RMSEP′)分别为0.0578、0.0229.模型对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的预测总体效果较好.用小波去噪和最小二乘法建立模型不仅能有效减少建模所需变量数、缩短运算时间,而且模型预测精度较高,为无机盐氮的快速测定提供了一种可行的分析技术.     

重庆城区大气颗粒物的元素、离子及物相组成研究

采用X－射线能谱（EDX），傅立叶红外光谱（FT－IR），X－射线衍射（XRI）对重庆市区大气颗粒污染物的元素组成，离子，物相组成进行顾研究，EDX检出了S，Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu,Se,Sr,Zr,Rb,Ga,Hg,Zn,Ni元素，FT－IR光谱发现主要存在SO4^2-,NH4^ 和NO3^-,XRD结果表明存在CaSO4.2H2O,α-SiO2,(NH4)2Ca(SO4)2.2H2O,(NH4)2SO4等4个主要物相以及Fe3O4,CaCO3等物相，初步讨论了重庆大气颗粒物的污染来源及其时间，空间分布。     

云南白秧坪多金属成矿区构造特征及其控矿作用

通过区域地质构造、矿区构造特征分析 ,论述了云南白秧坪多金属成矿区东矿带、西矿带的主要地质构造特征及其构造控矿作用 ,并探讨了区域构造导矿与成矿及其对成矿带的控制作用、小型褶皱及推覆构造对矿床的控制作用、次级断裂对矿体的控制作用、构造环境下岩石的屏蔽与容矿作用和构造环境中碳质来源及其成矿作用等问题     

SO2污染对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发作用

在SO2吸入慢性染毒条件下,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）的微核细胞率与微核率均显著增加,且雌雄差异显著。结果也表明,SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦航发微核的作用有显著抑制效应。本研究模拟SO2空气污染,从整体水平直接证实了SO2是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂、SO2与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的结论。     

云南不同类别基本农田土壤环境质量的时空差异

按照《农田土壤环境质量监测技术规范》（NY／T395--2000）,连续3年定点定位监测了云南亚热带干热河谷旱（缓）坡农耕地、中海拔旱（陡）坡农耕地和平坝区蔬菜地土壤环境质量。统计分析了监测结果的时间差异和空间差异。空间差异：旱（陡）坡农耕地〉旱（缓）玻农耕地〉平坝区蔬菜地;时间差异：旱（缓）坡农耕地〉平坝区蔬菜地〉旱（陡）坡农耕地。     

Classification and comparison of municipal solid waste based on thermochemical characteristics

Municipal solid waste (MSW) has been normally sorted into six categories, namely, food residue, wood waste, paper, textiles, plastics, and rubber. In each category, materials could be classified further into subgroups. Based on proximate and ultimate analysis and heating value, statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the characteristics of MSW in every subgroup and to try to distinguish their relative properties. The chemical characteristics analysis of MSW showed that polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) had the highest volatile matter content, with almost no ash and fixed carbon, while polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had high carbon content but low hydrogen content. Bones and vegetables had the highest ash content, while nutshells and rubber had the highest fixed carbon content. Paper and starch food had the highest oxygen content, and wool and bones had the highest nitrogen and sulfur content. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) had the highest chlorine content at about 55%. PE, PP, and PS had the highest heating value, followed by chemical products such as rubber and chemical fiber. Conversely, paper, vegetables and bones had the lowest heating value. The results of cluster analysis of MSW components showed that fruit peel, weeds, wood, bamboo, leaves and nutshells could be classified as the lignocellulose category; starch food, cotton, toilet paper, printing paper and cardboard could be classified as the glucose monomer category; wood and chemical fiber could be classified as the high nitrogen and sulfur category; and PE, PP, and PS could be cluster as the polyolefin category.

Implications: The yield of municipal solid waste (MSW) is constantly increasing and waste to energy (WTE) has been used extensively all over the world. During the processes of incineration, pyrolysis, or gasification, the impact of physical and chemical properties of MSW is of great significance. However, the traditional classification of MSW is too general to provide more detailed information in many investigations. It is necessary to perform the investigation of characteristics of combustible MSW to distinguish different categories of MSW and find out their subclassification.