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881.
Chris D. Metcalfe Tamanna Sultana Jonathan Martin Karla Newman Paul Helm Sonya Kleywegt Li Shen Viviane Yargeau 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(9):555
Because of the widespread use of silver nanoparticles in commercial products, discharges of municipal wastewater may be a point source of silver in the aquatic environment. We monitored two sites in western Lake Ontario impacted by discharges from wastewater treatment plants serving the City of Toronto. Concentrations of silver were elevated in bottom sediments and suspended sediments collected at the two sites. We also deployed two types of passive samplers in the water column at the two sites, the newly developed Carbon Nanotube Integrative Samplers for monitoring “CNIS-labile” silver and Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film samplers for monitoring “DGT-labile” silver. Results from these passive samplers indicated that the concentrations of silver at the two sites were either below detection limits or were in the ng/L range. In laboratory experiments where the sediments were re-suspended in Milli-Q water, a small proportion of the silver (i.e., <?25%) was labile and partitioned as colloidal or dissolved silver into the liquid phase after agitation. Nanoparticles tentatively identified as silver nanoparticles were detected by single-particle ICP-MS in suspension after agitation of both suspended and bottom sediments. Therefore, there is a need to assess whether silver species, including silver nanoparticles are transported from wastewater treatment plants into sediments in the aquatic environment. This study is unique in focusing on the in situ distribution of silver in natural waters and in sediments that are potentially impacted by urban sources of nanoparticles. 相似文献
882.
Cheng-fang Li Zhi-kui Kou Jin-hua Yang Ming-li Cai Jin-ping Wang Cou-gui Cao 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(23):2696-2704
Agricultural practices affect the production and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from paddy soils. It is crucial to understand the effects of tillage and N fertilization on soil CO2 flux and its influencing factors for a better comprehension of carbon dynamics in subtropical paddy ecosystems. A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no-tillage [NT]) and N fertilization (0 and 210 kg N ha?1) on soil CO2 fluxes during the 2008 and 2009 rice growing seasons in central China. Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices as the main plot and N fertilizer level as the split-plot treatment. The soil CO2 fluxes were measured 24 times in 2008 and 17 times in 2009. N fertilization did not affect soil CO2 emissions while tillage affected soil CO2 emissions, where NT had similar soil CO2 emissions to CT in 2008, but in 2009, NT significantly increased soil CO2 emissions. Cumulative CO2 emissions were 2079–2245 kg CO2–C ha?1 from NT treatments, and 2084–2141 kg CO2–C ha?1 from CT treatments in 2008, and were 1257–1401 kg CO2–C ha?1 from NT treatments, and 1003–1034 kg CO2–C ha?1 from CT treatments in 2009, respectively. Cumulative CO2 emissions were significantly related to aboveground biomass and soil organic C. Before drainage of paddy fields, soil CO2 fluxes were significantly related to soil temperature with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.67–0.87 in 2008 and 0.69–0.85 in 2009; moreover, the Q10 values ranged from 1.28 to 1.55 and from 2.10 to 5.21 in 2009, respectively. Our results suggested that NT rice production system appeared to be ineffective in decreasing carbon emission, which suggested that CO2 emissions from integrated rice-based system should be taken into account to assess effects of tillage. 相似文献
883.
生物沸石滤池处理富营养化水体的挂膜实验 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用上向流生物沸石滤池处理富营养化水体,考察了挂膜阶段(前30 d)滤池对浊度、COD和TP等的去除效果,重点研究了系统中各形态氮素(NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N和TN)的变化情况。结果表明,对于富营养化水体,生物沸石滤池对浊度、COD和TP的去除率分别约为80%、30%和24%;出水NH4+-N始终保持在0.5 mg/L以下,去除率在90%以上;NO2--N出现峰值(4.98 mg/L,第9 d),第13 d后即一直低于进水值;实验后期出水NO3--N与进水NH4+-N变化趋势基本一致,表明硝化生物膜已成熟,原位再生可行;生物沸石床内可能存在同步硝化反硝化现象。出水NO2-N浓度低于进水可作为生物沸石挂膜成功的一个标志。 相似文献
884.
不同碳源和泥龄对反硝化聚磷的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
在4个SBR装置(1#~4#)中,对4种不同比例的丙酸/乙酸合成废水采用厌氧/缺氧方式驯化富集反硝化聚磷菌(DPB),研究了碳源浓度和污泥龄对除磷的影响。实验结果表明:(1)厌氧段碳源COD浓度越高,释磷越充分,溶解性正磷酸盐(SOP)去除率越高;但当碳源COD浓度超过某个浓度值时,未反应完全的有机物残留于后续缺氧段对缺氧吸磷产生抑制作用。(2)污泥龄SRT=15 d时,活性污泥的性能较好,达到了较好的除磷效果。(3)在相同碳源浓度和相同的污泥龄下,随着丙酸/乙酸比例的提高,SOP的去除率逐渐的降低。说明在厌氧/缺氧环境下,碳源中丙酸比例的提高不利于系统中磷的去除。高乙酸含量的碳源更适合反硝化除磷系统。 相似文献
885.
非活体生物质对水中活性艳红X-3B的吸附研究 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
研究了4种非活体生物质(米酒糟、花生壳、柚子皮、稻草秸秆)对模拟废水中活性艳红X-3B的吸附条件及吸附机理。结果表明,活性艳红X-3B初始浓度为100 mg/L、pH为1.0~2.0、吸附剂浓度为10 mg/L时,4种吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的吸附率可达到80%。吸附在60 min左右达平衡后最大吸附量的顺序为:米酒糟(58.8 mg/g)花生壳(28.0mg/g)柚子皮(23.6 mg/g)稻草秸秆(19.5 mg/g)。在达最大吸附率时,米酒糟的用量可减少一半、pH范围可宽为1.0~6.0,且吸附量是另三者的2倍以上。综合比较,米酒糟具有较强的吸附废水中活性艳红X-3B的能力,可作为废水中活性染料的吸附剂使用。而花生壳、柚子皮和稻草秸秆的吸附能力相对较弱,不是理想的吸附材料。数学模型模拟表明,米酒糟和柚子皮的吸附过程更符合Freundlich方程,而花生壳和稻草秸秆更符合Langmuir方程;动力学研究表明4种吸附剂的吸附拟合更符合拟二级动力学方程。 相似文献
886.
人工湿地系统微生物去除污染物的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点,近年来越来越受到人们的重视。人工湿地是利用介质、植物和微生物构成的复合系统来处理污水。微生物在人工湿地系统净化污水过程中发挥着重要作用。介绍了人工湿地系统中微生物去除污染物的研究进展,重点讨论了人工湿地对污染物和特殊有机污染物的去除以及系统基质中微生物的种群和活性等内容,并结合我国研究现状展望了该领域的研究前景。人工湿地系统微生物对污染物去除将成为人工湿地生态系统服务功能评价、人工湿地生态系统健康与稳定的诊断的重要组成部分。 相似文献
887.
888.
针对榨菜腌制废水高盐高氮磷高有机物浓度的特征,提出"厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(ASBBR)-二级序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)-化学除磷"组合处理工艺,在前期对组合工艺中单元工艺的关键工况参数研究的基础上,考察组合工艺的处理效能。实验结果表明,采用该组合工艺,可使进水COD、NH4+-N、TN及PO43--P分别为10 000、345、550和38.5mg/L的榨菜腌制废水,处理出水COD、NH4+-N、TN及PO43--P分别达到93.6、12.3、18和0.1 mg/L,去除率分别为99.1%、96.4%、96.7%和99.9%,出水达到污水综合排放一级标准。 相似文献
889.
890.
Guofeng Shen Wei Wang Yifeng Yang Chen Zhu Yujia Min Miao Xue Junnan Ding Wei Li Bin Wang Huizhong Shen Rong Wang Xilong Wang Shu Tao 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(39):5237-5243
Coal consumption is one important contributor to energy production, and is regarded as one of the most important sources of air pollutants that have considerable impacts on human health and climate change. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion were studied in a typical stove. Emission factors (EFs) of 16 EPA priority PAHs from tested coals ranged from 6.25 ± 1.16 mg kg?1 (anthracite) to 253 ± 170 mg kg?1 (bituminous), with NAP and PHE dominated in gaseous and particulate phases, respectively. Size distributions of particulate phase PAHs from tested coals showed that they were mostly associated with particulate matter (PM) with size either between 0.7 and 2.1 μm or less than 0.4 μm (PM0.4). In the latter category, not only were more PAHs present in PM0.4, but also contained higher fractions of high molecular weight PAHs. Generally, there were more than 89% of total particulate phase PAHs associated with PM2.5. Gas-particle partitioning of freshly emitted PAHs from residential coal combustions were thought to be mainly controlled by absorption rather than adsorption, which is similar to those from other sources. Besides, the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions was further investigated by using stepwise regression analysis, which indicated that almost 57 ± 10% of total variations in PAH EFs can be accounted for by moisture and volatile matter content of coal in residential combustion. 相似文献