Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on bilayer hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified zeolite

Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated. Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca²⁺ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solution.     

Analysis of trace dicyandiamide in stream water using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography UV spectrometry

An improved method for trace level quantification of dicyandiamide in stream water has been developed. This method includes sample pretreatment using solid phase extraction. The extraction procedure (including loading, washing, and eluting) used a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and dicyandiamide was eluted with 20 mL of a methanol/acetonitrile mixture (V/V = 2:3), followed by pre-concentration using nitrogen evaporation and analysis with high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet spectroscopy (HPLC–UV). Sample extraction was carried out using a Waters Sep-Pak AC-2 Cartridge (with activated carbon). Separation was achieved on a ZIC^®-Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) chromatography column and quantification was accomplished based on UV absorbance. A reliable linear relationship was obtained for the calibration curve using standard solutions (R² > 0.999). Recoveries for dicyandiamide ranged from 84.6% to 96.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 3) were below 6.1% with a detection limit of 5.0 ng/mL for stream water samples.     

抚顺市空气可吸入颗粒物特征的研究

于2002年1～7月份在抚顺市区四个点位采集了环境空气中的可吸入颗粒物样品，经分析后获得了可吸入颗粒物组分的时间分布和空间分布特征，即采暖期PM10样品中有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）的绝对含量和相对含量均高于非采暖期，工业区PM10样品中的Fe、Zn、Pb的绝对含量和相对含量均明显高于其它点位，反映了其工业区的特点。     

汶川MS8.0地震前青海地区数字化水温(地温)异常变化分析

介绍了青海地区十个数字化水温井、六个数字化地温井的水温(地温)观测概况。经研究发现,2008年汶川MS8.0地震前,乐都和民和两个井孔出现了中期趋势异常,西宁、乐都和德令哈三个井孔出现了短临异常;从地域来看,异常测点主要集中于西宁-民和断陷盆地内,该区域其它两个正常运行的井孔没有异常,可能和探头与密闭套管末端间的距离过大有关。另外,笔者认为,西宁、乐都、民和井所表现出的中期和短临异常,可能与汶川地震的孕震过程密切相关。     

介质材料在可渗透反应墙中的应用进展

可渗透反应墙正发展成为修复污染地下水技术的新方向,其中介质材料是可渗透反应墙成功修复污染地下水的关键。可渗透反应墙介质材料可以细分为还原型、吸附型、沉淀型和降解型介质材料等四类,并分别从不同类型的介质材料的反应机理、应用情况以及存在的问题等方面加以阐述。可渗透反应墙介质材料的选择应在其反应机理的基础上,结合实际的地下水环境条件、污染源、人类活动和经济费用等加以综合考虑,以保证可渗透反应墙长期有效经济安全地运行。     

炼油装置运行周期评估技术及应用

炼油装置运行周期评估技术通过统计、分析装置故障数据,计算特定时间段装置的可靠性,进而获得装置可靠性随时间的变化规律和装置可靠性最差设备排序。介绍了该技术在某常减压装置的应用,应用结果表明,该评估技术为科学确定炼油装置运行周期提供了决策依据。     

前屯煤矿矿井水处理作饮用水的技术实践

本文根据前屯煤矿矿井水排放规律和原水水质特征，采用ＫＪＳ型一体化净水器，锰砂除铁滤器及消毒等处理工艺，处理后水质完全达到国家饮用水标准，工程投资和运行费用均较合理。     

低施磷水平下不同施肥对太湖地区黄泥土磷迁移性的影响

对太湖地区水稻土上长达13年的长期不同施肥处理的某试验田进行了土壤全磷、树脂磷和水溶性磷的测定分析.不同处理的年施磷量为0～53kg/(hm²·a),土壤全磷为0.3～0.5g·k^-1.根据土壤磷素的质量平衡,计算表明该水稻土存在的磷素流失量为2～8kg/(hm²·a),单施化肥下的流失量最大,为配施有机肥处理的2～4倍;水溶性磷的比率在0.2%～0.4%间,且不同施肥实践对其的影响不明显.但单施化肥有使亚表层树脂磷和水溶性磷含量提高的倾向.长期施用化肥配施大量鲜猪粪使树脂磷含量提高20～40 mg·kg^-1,但与长期施用化肥配施秸秆的处理一样没有发生在有机质增加下的磷活化而提高磷流失.这些说明本地区长期单施化肥的水稻土中可能存在强烈的磷流失,且水稻土磷流失并不以水溶解发生.为了防止水稻土磷的强烈水流失而加剧农业非点源污染,要避免长期单施化肥,而应坚持和推广配施适量有机肥.     

土壤中钼的形态分析方法研究

本文对土壤中有效钼的浸取条件进行最佳化，并利用提高灰化温度达到消除浸取剂对石墨炉原子吸收测定钼的影响，方法用于国标样品和武汉市区土壤样品中钼的形态分析，获得满意的分析结果。