富营养浅水湖泊的退化与生态恢复

初步讨论了富营养浅水湖泊的退化现象的造成退化的主要原因，对湖泊生态恢复的目标和对策等问题也作了探讨，以武汉东湖为例，提出以水源保护地为主要功能的富营养浅水胡泊的恢复和整体优化对策，即恢复沉水植被、建立控制面源污染的半自然的人工湿地生态系统，优化水产养殖结构和恢复湖泊生物多样性等。对生物操纵在长江中下游富营养浅水湖泊恢复中的作用也进行了讨论。     

利用燃煤锅炉烟道气处理工业废水的理论与实践

阐述了燃煤锅炉烟道气的主要化学成分及处理废水的机理 ,介绍了锅炉烟道气处理废水的研究与应用     

CeO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解活性大红的研究

选取活性大红染料为降解目标物,研究了用实验室合成的氧化铈掺杂二氧化钛为催化剂存在下的超声反应。研究结果表明,CeO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解酸性大红的效果优于非掺杂的锐钛矿型TiO2的情况。在溶液pH1.0～3.0、活性大红质量浓度为20 mg/L、溶液用量50 mL、催化剂用量0.5 g/L～1.0 g/L的条件下,用输出功率5.0 W/cm^2和频率25 kHz的超声波照射80 min,活性大红降解率可达98.4%.     

废铁屑预处理被4-硝基苯胺污染的土壤

利用机械厂废弃铁屑和分析纯级铁粉对受4-硝基苯胺(PNA)污染土壤的修复进行了对比研究,探讨了土壤酸度和反应温度对还原效果的影响,并对反应时间、铁屑用量和土壤含水量3个影响因素进行了优化选择.实验结果表明,在1.5g含PNA浓度约为1.3×10-5mol/g的模拟污染土样中加入100mg铁屑或铁粉和0.5mL蒸馏水,在25℃下反应4h,PNA的还原率分别为99%和76%,产物均为苯二胺(PDA);铁粉仅在偏酸性土壤中对PNA有较高还原率,铁屑则在中性或弱碱性土壤中仍能保持较好的还原效果;反应温度的变化对还原效果影响不大;正交实验结果显示反应时间对PNA的还原效果影响最大,土壤含水量次之,铁屑用量影响最小。     

潜流式人工湿地净化农村生活污水特性研究

试验结果表明组合基质人工湿地在水力负荷较小时表现出较高的有机物和氮磷去除效率,当水力负荷提高后去除率明显降低,而煤渣基质人工湿地在低水力负荷时去除率相对较低,但对水力负荷的变化有较好的抗冲击能力。人工湿地的前端对有机物去除的贡献率在50%以上。     

常温条件下UASB+SBR工艺处理甲胺、甲醇废水试验研究

甲胺、甲醇及其产品均具有较强的毒性和危险性,因此含甲胺的废水须经一定处理达标后才能排放.以山东肥城某化工厂含甲胺、甲醇混合(体积比1∶1)废水.在常温条件下,采用厌氧 好氧(UASB SBR)2级串联组合工艺进行处理.该甲胺,甲醇混合废水呈酸性,COD浓度较高.其BOD与COD比值为0.64.可生化性良好.试验中调整、控制UASB和SBR反应器的各运行参数,通过检测处理效果比较得出该工艺在常温条件下处理该化工废水的最佳运行参数值.试验结果表明UASB在常温下运行81d,启动基本完成.UASB最佳水力停留时间为24h整个工艺对COD有机物有一定的去除效果,COD平均去除率为68.14%;系统的TN去除效率较为稳定.平均去除率可达72.3%.出水TN浓度在16.56mg/L以下;系统有一定的抗冲击负荷能力,但不是很强;系统有一定的耐低温性,低温环境下(9.0～14.2'C.平均为12.3℃)系统COD平均去除率为55.80%,UASB反应器未发生酸化现象.     

职业安全亟待立法保障

立法重心:从劳动安全到生产安全? 1981年,我国的《劳动安全卫生法》(《劳动保护法》)进入正式起草阶段,与之同步的有《劳动安全监察条例》.此前,《女职工劳动保护条例》、《矿山安全卫生法》已完成起草呈报国务院.鉴于《矿山安全卫生法》已完成起草,当时,国家劳动总局考虑起草《工厂安全卫生法》;后来,为了避免一事多法,国务院决定将几部法律法规合并,法名改为《劳动安全卫生法》(《劳动保护法》),由国家劳动总局牵头,化工部、冶金部、煤炭部、农业部、轻工部、全总等12个部门的负责人组成了起草领导小组.     

Seasonal variation effects on the formation of trihalomethane during chlorination of water from Yangtze River and associated cancer risk assessment

For the system of water samples collected from Yangtze River,the effects of seasonal variation and Fe(III) concentrations on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination have been investigated.The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated using the parameters and procedure issued by the US EPA.The results indicated that the average concentration of THMs (100.81 μg/L) in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons,which ...     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.