南方土壤酸沉降敏感性研究 Ⅵ.固相组成与酸缓冲性能

通过连续提取方法研究了土壤固相组成对酸沉降敏感性的影响。结果表明，不同土壤质子缓冲反应的类型不同，因此，缓冲容量及缓冲强度等指标也有较大差异。有机质对酸缓冲反应存在双重影响。取决于土壤原始ＰＨ值及盐基组成状态。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法检测矿区环境的常见重金属

在红河州某矿区周围的土壤、池塘、鱼塘采集若干土壤、水样品.用氢氟酸-高氯酸-浓硝酸消化土壤样品,用硝酸处理水样品.实验中,原子吸收分光光度法的平均相关系数≧0.99906;测定元素的相对标准差从0.27%～1.67%,其平均相对标准偏差为1.005%;样品的回收率在102,8%～111.5%之间,表明该法可用于环境中的土壤样品和水样品中重金属元素的准确测定.在仪器的最佳工作状态,使用FAAS法检测矿区环境中的铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)的含量;依此来发现矿区周围环境的重金属分布规律和周围环境的安全性.     

焦化冷焦水处理技术研究

针对延迟焦化装置冷焦水的污染问题 ,提出了由水 -水混合器注水降温技术、重力沉降技术、旋流分离技术、空冷器技术集成的“冷焦水密闭循环处理技术” ,该技术具有良好的工业应用价值     

辉发河下游河道生态环境需水量的界定及水环境保护

松花湖是吉林省的重要水源地,辉发河是松花湖的主要补给水源,其水环境状况影响着松花湖水资源的可持续利用.目前,辉发河沿岸水土流失及水环境污染都十分严重,其入湖污染负荷约占各入湖河流污染负荷的50%.以辉发河下游河道为例,计算了基本生态环境需水量、输沙需水量、自净需水量,并根据它们之间的相互关系,界定了总生态环境需水量.辉发河下游河道全年生态环境需水量为20.73×108m3,占年径流量的84.8%.在现状条件下,要使辉发河下游水环境符合其功能要求,不再恶化,其径流量的约85%要留作生态环境用水,而这种情况目前是无法得到满足的,因此必须加大辉发河的污染防治和坡耕地治理的力度.     

带内锥的方形扩散式分离器壁面磨损的数值分析

运用数值模拟方法对带内锥的方形扩散式旋风分离器壁面关键部位的磨损情况进行了数值模拟。气固相研究分别采用雷诺应力模型和随机轨道模型。计算结果显示,分离器内磨损比较严重的部位主要有：分离器顶盖、圆筒段、方形扩散段下部、反射锥外壁面、反射锥内壁面下部、灰斗及灰斗上部方形段。最严重的是反射锥外壁面、灰斗及灰斗上部方形段等几个部位。     

Bacterial succession in epiphytic biofilms and deciduous layer sediments during Hydrilla verticillata decay: A field investigation

Submersed macrophytes decay is an important natural process and has important role in mass and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the dynamical changes in nutrients release and bacterial community during submersed macrophyte decay in natural environment. In this study, a field observation was conducted in a wetland dominated with Hydrilla verticillata for 36 days. Increase of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decrease of soluble proteins concentration were detected in leaves during H. verticillata decay. Meanwhile, ammonium-N, soluble microbial products (SMP) and TOC concentration increased in overlying water. According to bacterial 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing analysis, the Shannon values were lower in epiphytic biofilms than deciduous layer sediments. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria were higher in epiphytic biofilms than in deciduous layer sediments (P < 0.05). Co-occurrence network analyses showed that a total of 578 and 845 pairs of correlations (|r| > 0.6) were identified from 122 and 112 genera in epiphytic biofilms and deciduous layer sediments, respectively. According to co-occurrence patterns, eight hubs were mainly from phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Parcubacteria in epiphytic biofilms; while 37 hubs from the 14 phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, et al.) were detected in deciduous layer sediments. Our results indicate that bacterial community in deciduous layer sediments was more susceptible than in epiphytic biofilms during decay process. These data highlight the role of microbial community in deciduous layer sediments on nutrients removal during H. verticillata decay and will provide useful information for wetland management.     

Effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors(SBBRs)(denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2) at different nitrogen loading rates(NLRs) varying from(0.24 ± 0.01) to(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day). SBBR1 was operated in parallel with SBBR2, but SBBR1 was filled with polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline(TPU) carriers and another(SBBR2) filled with polyurethane foam(PU) carriers. Results obtained from this study showed that the excellent and stable performance of SBBR1 was obtained. Ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were higher in SBBR1 than that in SBBR2 with increase of NLR. At an NLR of(0.24 ± 0.01) g N/(L·day), the majority of the spherical and elliptical bacteria were surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) and bacillus or filamentous bacteria in two SBBRs biofilms. When NLR increased to(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day), the clusters were more obvious in the SBBR1 biofilm than that in the SBBR2 biofilm. Bacteria in SBBR1 were inclined to synthesis more EPS, and the formed EPS could protect the bacteria from free ammonia(FA) under extreme condition NLR(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day). The results of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the microbial community similarity in SBBR2 decreased more obviously than that in SBBR1 with the increase of NLR, which the microbial community in SBBR1 was relatively stable.     

耐氨固氮菌对水稻的增产效果及对土壤肥力变化的影响

耐氨固氮菌是通过基因工程选育出来的新型菌株，水稻接种后，因根系活性提高、吸收功能增强、体内营养状况得到改善而增产．盆栽和田间试验结果表明．水稻接种耐氨固氮菌后增产３．１％—７．１％，氮肥利用率提高１．４％—１１．２％；与对照区比较，土壤肥力并无下降的趋势，是一种投资小、简便易行的增产措施．     

小流域森林生态系统土壤发生与元素地球化学特性

本文研究了广东五华县牛角塘综合治理试验区几种典型森林生态系统土壤的物质迁移、肥力特性及元素迁移与富集传性，结果表明，生态类型的差异不仅会影响到土壤的肥力状况，同时由于水土流失等因素的影响，还会造成土壤机械组成、元素迁移富集特点以及其它发生学特性的差异，林地、半林地及光山地之间在这些方面也存在着明显的差异性．     

市场经济与土肥科技

土肥的基础地位是不随社会性质或社会经济类型的变化而变化的，它既具重要性，又具长久性．市场经济是仍然需要土肥科技的．土肥科技的教学、科研和推广的力度必须加大，局面必须改观，且宜快不宜迟．土肥科技工作者一定要将培肥地力作为中心工作．根据广东的实际，增施有机肥是培肥地力的主要措施，因而抓秸秆还田和发展冬绿肥是我们工作的重点．