长江水系四大家鱼种质资源的保护和合理利用

四大家鱼是我国淡水养殖和捕捞的主要对象，本文从影响长江水第四大家鱼种质资源的主要因素出发，对目前鱼类养殖场普遍存在的四大家鱼种质退化的原因进行了分析，提出了保护长江水系四大家鱼天然产卵场，利用长江故道保护和合理利用长江四大家鱼种质资源，保护四大家鱼人工养殖群体的遗传性能，建立长江水系四大家鱼种质资源监测体系等对策。     

硫杂冠醚的合成及其对废水中Ag(I)的选择性萃取研究

针对当前含银废液综合回收利用率低,以及不当排放造成严重环境污染等问题.本研究以邻苯二酚为原料,经亲核取代、酰氯酰化、缩合反应制得一种全新结构硫杂冠醚7,10-二硫杂苯并-18-冠-6(硫杂冠醚3,Thia18C6),产物经核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)、X-射线衍射单晶进行了结构表征,进而采用溶剂萃取的方法考察了其对不同金属离子的选择性萃取能力.结果表明,在单一体系下,Thia18C6对银离子表现出较为优异的萃取能力,萃取率可达97.68%,而在多种杂质离子(Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Ni~(2+))共存的复杂体系中,Thia18C6对银离子表现出了较强的选择性.     

Aerosol light absorption in a coastal city in Southeast China: Temporal variations and implications for brown carbon

Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon(BC) and brown carbon(BrC)play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in Xiamen,southeast of China in 2014 to determine the light absorption properties including absorption coefficients(σabs) and absorption ?ngstr?m exponent(AAE) in the coastal city.Light absorptions of BC and BrC with their contributions to total light absorption were further quantified. Mean σabsat 370 nm and 880 nm were 56.6 ± 34.3 and 16.5 ± 11.2 Mm-1,respectively. σabspresented a double-peaks diurnal pattern with the maximum in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon. σabswas low in warm seasons and high in cold seasons. AAE ranged from 0.26 to 2.58 with the annual mean of 1.46, implying that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced aerosol optical properties. σabsof BrC at 370 nm was 24.0 ± 5.7 Mm-1, contributing 42% to the total absorption. The highest AAE(1.52 ± 0.02) and largest BrC contributions(47% ± 4%) in winter suggested the significant influence of biomass burning on aerosol light absorption. Long-distance air masses passing through North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta led to high AAE and BrC contributions. High AAE value of 1.46 in July indicated that long-range transport of the air pollutants from intense biomass burning in Southeast Asia would affect aerosol light absorption in Southeast China. The study will improve the understanding of light absorption properties of aerosols and the optical impacts of BrC in China.     

深圳市洪涝灾害的数值模拟与分析

深圳市自建特区以来,沿河沿海低地迅速城市化,流域内大规模的开发活动加剧了水土流失,河道淤塞严重,行洪能力降低,新增市区防洪排涝设施不足,使深圳市洪涝灾害更趋频繁,经济损失急剧增长,为配合深圳市制定新的防洪(潮)规划,本研究开发了城市洪水演进一、二维不恒定流混合模型,分现状与规划措施实施后两种情况对各典型年暴雨、高潮的组合在深圳市可能造成的洪涝灾害进行了模拟和分析,其结果为深圳市合理评价防洪(潮)规划提供了依据。     

国际马拉松赛期间厦门同期气温诊断分析

利用厦门市长年代气温观测资料(1973-2021年),用趋势分析方法分析了国际马拉松赛期间厦门同期气温变化特征,发现1月多年平均气温呈现缓慢线性增温趋势,而逐日气温呈现明显的小幅波动下降趋势.利用小波分析方法研究了高、低温的多时间尺度变化特征.结果表明,高、低温均具高低频两个振荡周期,且从闭合中心的发展趋势来看,预计2...     

Characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds during spring O3 pollution episode in Chengdu, China

Surface ozone (O₃) has become a critical pollutant impeding air quality improvement in many Chinese megacities. Chengdu is a megacity located in Sichuan Basin in southwest China, where O₃ pollution occurs frequently in both spring and summer. In order to understand the elevated O₃ during spring in Chengdu, we conducted sampling campaign at three sites during O₃ pollution episodes in April. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compositions at each site were similar, and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) concentrations accounted for the highest proportion (35%-45%), followed by alkanes, alkens (including acetylene), halohydrocarbons, and aromatics. The sensitivity of O₃ to its precursors was analyzed using an observation based box model. The relative incremental reactivity of OVOCs was larger than other precursors, suggesting that they also played the dominant role in O₃ formation. Furthermore, the positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the dominant emission sources and to evaluate their contribution to VOCs in the city. The main sources of VOCs in spring were from combustion (27.75%), industrial manufacturing (24.17%), vehicle exhaust (20.35%), and solvent utilization (18.35%). Discussions on VOCs and NO_x reduction schemes suggested that Chengdu was typical in the VOC-limited regime, and VOC emission reduction would help to prevent and control O₃. The analysis of emission reduction scenarios based on VOCs sources showed that the emission reduction ratio of VOCs to NO₂ needs to reach more than 3 in order to achieve O₃ prevention. Emission reduction from vehicular exhaust source and solvent utilization source may be more effective.     

Associations of bisphenol exposure with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case–control study in Guangxi,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A growing number of epidemiologic studies have estimated the associations between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and gestational diabetes mellitus...     

Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on bilayer hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified zeolite

Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated. Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca²⁺ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g^-1, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solution.     

电子垃圾拆解地区人体双酚A内暴露及与氧化应激效应的关联研究

中国已成为全球电子垃圾的主要回收地之一,电子垃圾拆解造成的污染物人体暴露及健康效应备受关注。尤其是在粗放的拆解方式下,释放的双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)等污染物暴露以及对拆解地区人群的健康影响是重要的科学问题。选取中国北方某电子垃圾拆解地区(即暴露地区)人群为研究对象(包括29名电子垃圾拆解从业者和24名当地居民),以40 km外无电子垃圾拆解地区的人群(N=53)作为参照。暴露地区人群尿液中BPA浓度(中值:10.7μg·g-1肌酐)显著高于参照地区人群(中值:0.66μg·g-1肌酐;P0.01),提示电子垃圾拆解活动可能造成当地人群对BPA的高暴露。暴露地区人群的尿液8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHd G;中值:236μg·g-1肌酐)高于参照人群(中值:142μg·g-1肌酐),统计结果接近显著(P=0.055)。暴露地区人群血清中谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GSH-ST)与铜/锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)含量较参照组显著降低;而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)显著高于参照组(P0.01)。BPA与8-OHd G显著正相关(P0.05)、与GSH-ST负相关(P0.01);多元回归结果显示,尿液中BPA浓度每上升1倍,8-OHd G升高34.9%(95%CI:19.4%~52.3%),而GSH-ST下降5.46%(95%CI:1.17%~9.56%)。本研究显示,电子垃圾拆解可导致该地区人群对BPA的高暴露,这种暴露可导致氧化应激包括对DNA的氧化损伤。