氟苯生产废水处理及资源化技术

采用酸化、萃取、反萃、除氟、电催化氧化技术处理氟苯生产废水（简称废水）。工艺条件为：以硫酸为酸化剂,pH小于等于1;萃取温度10～25℃,搅拌时间大于4min,油水比（萃取剂与废水的体积比）1：4．0;反萃碱油比（NaOH溶液体积与油相体积比）1：3,NaOH质量分数10％;除氟时先加入2倍理论计算量的氯化钙、后加入氧化钙调pH至7～8;电催化氧化时粒子群电催化反应器槽电流2．0～2．5A,停留时间40～60min。处理后废水的COD、苯酚、F^-、石油类去除率分别高于99．3％,99．9％,99．8％,99．9％,苯酚回收率高于93．5％;出水COD、苯酚、F^-、石油类的浓度低于GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。     

机动车尾气控制策略效益综合评价指标体系

针对当前国内外缺乏系统的尾气控制策略效益评价方法,本文建立了微观、中观、宏观三个层次的尾气控制策略效益综合评价指标体系,分别从环境效益和经济效益两方面对静态、动态及综合尾气控制策略的效益进行评价,该指标体系的建立对于尾气控制策略效益分析具有一定的理论及实践意义。     

Human hair mercury levels in the Wanshan mercury mining area,Guizhou Province,China

The total mercury (T-Hg) and methyl mercury (Me-Hg) concentrations in the hair were measured to evaluate mercury (Hg) exposure for the residents in Da-shui-xi Village (DSX) and Xia-chang-xi Village (XCX) in the Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. The mean concentrations in the hair of DSX residents were 5.5 ± 2.7 μg/g and 1.9 ± 0.9 μg/g for T-Hg and Me-Hg, respectively. The concentrations in the hair of XCX residents were 3.3 ± 1.4 μg/g and 1.2 ± 0.5 μg/g for T-Hg and Me-Hg, respectively. Hair Me-Hg concentrations were significantly correlated to T-Hg (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) in the two sites; on average, hair Me-Hg concentration accounted for 40 and 44% of T-Hg for DSX and XCX residents, respectively. Age has no obvious correlation with hair Hg and the hair Hg levels showed a significant gender difference, with higher T-Hg and Me-Hg concentrations in the hair from males than females. The rice collected from the two sites showed high levels of T-Hg and Me-Hg concentration. The results indicated a certain Hg exposure for the residents in DSX and XCX in the Wanshan Hg mining area.     

铅在模拟预处理稳定塘中的归宿

本文较全面地研究了城市污水中的铅在模拟预处理稳定塘中的归宿。不论在哪种预处理稳定塘中,悬浮颗粒态锅的沉降作用是去除污水中铅的主要作用。进入城市污水中的铅,大部分和污水中的悬浮物结合转变成悬浮颗粒态铅,它们输入到模拟预处理预处理稳定塘,这些悬浮颗粒态铅即可在很短的时间内（１ｄ）通过沉降作用得以有效地去除。停留时间分别为１,２,３,５和１０ｄ的实验表明,模拟预处理稳定塘对城市污水中铅的去除率可达５２－     

Phosphorus recovery from fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater by wet air oxidation and phosphate crystallization

Fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater contains highly concentrated and refractory antibiotic organic phosphorus (OP) compounds. Wet air oxidation (WAO)-phosphate crystallization process was developed and applied to fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment and phosphorus recovery. Firstly, WAO was used to transform concentrated and refractory OP substances into inorganic phosphate (IP). At 200 °C, 1.0 MPa and pH 11.2, 99% total OP (TOP) was transformed into IP and 58% COD was reduced. Subsequently, the WAO effluent was subjected to phosphate crystallization process for phosphorus recovery. At Ca/P molar ratio 2.0:1.0 or Mg/N/P molar ratio 1.1:1.0:1.0, 99.9% phosphate removal and recovery were obtained and the recovered products were proven to be hydroxyapatite and struvite, respectively. After WAO-phosphate crystallization, the BOD/COD ratio of the wastewater increased from 0 to more than 0.5, which was suitable for biological treatment. The WAO-phosphate crystallization process was proven to be an effective method for phosphorus recovery and for fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment.     

丝孢酵母TX1降酚动力学研究及过程优化

针对自行分离筛选出的高效降酚丝孢酵母菌株TX1,通过不同初始浓度苯酚分批培养系列实验结果和分析,建立其降酚动力学模型,并在此基础上进行过程优化.结果表明,体系的生长动力学可以用Haldane方程描述,其参数分别为μmax=0.667 h-1,KS=51.14 mg/L,Ki=271.7 mg/L.参数说明TX1能较快地...     

微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤的修复研究

在油田周围普遍存在着土壤盐渍化和石油污染双重问题.为了修复胜利油田周围的污染土壤,采取了淡水压盐、土壤翻耕、添加菌剂和营养盐等措施,测定了在修复过程中的水溶性盐、微生物、脱氢酶、石油含量等变化.结果表明,在修复过程中微生物数目、脱氢酶和石油降解率具有相关性,修复初期,三者均处于较高水平,随后微生物数目减少,脱氢酶活性降...     

土壤理化性质对Fe0还原硝基苯的影响

采用零价铁(Fe0)还原降解土壤中的硝基苯,考察土壤理化性质对还原效果的影响。结果显示,当2 g土壤中NB含量约为2.5 ×10-6mol/g,铁粉用量为50 mg,土壤含水量为75％时,控温25℃条件下反应1 h,硝基苯在松砂土和中壤土中的还原率分别可达到82.9％和91.1％。硝基苯在2种土壤中的还原率表现出中壤土...     

上向流曝气生物滤池水头损失沿程分布与动态特性

对比考察了天然斜发沸石、页岩陶粒和石灰岩碎石填料曝气生物滤池的水头损失增长规律,分析了3种滤池水头损失的空间分布特征和动态变化特性,探讨了截留固体累积量对水头损失发展的影响规律。结果表明,沸石、陶粒和石灰岩曝气生物滤池均具有较好的有机物和SS沿程去除能力,并与水头损失的沿程分布密切相关;滤池内部TSS的沿程变化趋势和水头损失沿程分布趋势基本一致;曝气生物滤池的水头损失随着反应器运行时间的延长而缓慢增加,当滤床内TSS积累量增加到一定程度时,气体的滤床驻留率增加,并与TSS积累协同作用,滤床局部孔隙率迅速下降,水头损失迅速越升。曝气生物滤池的反冲洗首先应着眼于解决滤床的局部孔隙率过低问题,然后以气洗促进颗粒碰撞,气水联合提高剪切力,最后水漂洗排出TSS和气泡。     

脉冲电絮凝处理电镀含铬废水的实验研究

常规方法处理电镀废水都有较明显的缺陷,而脉冲电絮凝技术在处理效果、运行成本及可操作性方面有较大的优势。实验表明,当调节进水pH＝4、极板间电压为2.5 V,停留时间(HRT)为15 min,电流密度为25 A/m²时,系统处于最佳状态,铬离子去除率保持在99.5％以上,达到排放标准。