Water environment protection and sustainable development in townlet of China: A case study in Taicang

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model was applied to investigate the relationship between economic growth and water environment quality based on panel data of Taicang during 2010–2017. The typical inversed-U shaped relationship has been obtained between GDP (gross domestic product) and indicators of ammonia, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The EKC turning point appeared when the GDP per capita was around US$2270, which was much lower than those in some developed countries (US$11,200). However, the decoupling between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and GDP per capita occurred even before this period, which should be attributed to the strict COD emission regulation being implemented since 2010. Further, analysis based on the Tapio decoupling coefficient elasticity model analyzed the ammonia nitrogen and economic development of each industry. We found that the agriculture no-point was strong decoupling in 2011–2014, then came to Recessive decoupling. The domestic wastewater had been in a strong decoupling state; Both urban non-point and industry experienced expansive negative decoupling, due to strict policy that prioritizes the environment over development and the investment in improvement of environment and techniques, both of them gradually came to strong decoupling. The result demonstrated that the EKC turning point could be appear in earlier economic stage and the decoupling coefficient elasticity could be improved through taking strong regulation measures.     

基于WRFDA-Chem的中国大气成分数据再分析方法研究

大气成分数据是开展空气质量预报、认识大气污染形成机理、评估空气污染各种效应的基础,而融合了模式结果和观测资料的大气成分再分析数据则有更广泛的应用价值.本文基于WRFDA-Chem空气质量模型和三维变分同化技术,逐时同化地面站点污染物浓度观测资料 （包括PM_2.5、PM₁₀、O₃、SO₂、NO₂及CO）,建立了大气成分数据再分析的方法.以2019年7月和12月为例,构建空间分辨率为10 km、时间分辨率为1 h的全国大气成分再分析数据,并对该方法的性能进行了检验.结果表明,经过再分析后的大气成分数据的时间变化趋势和空间分布得到显著改善,其中,7月PM_2.5 和O₃的平均偏差分别降低了55%和39%,相关系数分别提升了77%和7%,达到0.80和0.98;12月PM_2.5 和O₃的平均偏差分别降低了55%和68%,相关系数分别提升了58%和13%,达到0.98和0.98.综合而言,基于WRFDA-Chem逐小时同化全国站点空气质量监测资料,能够得到高时空分辨率的大气成分再分析数据,可以为认识我国大气污染的演变特征和制定科学的管控措施提供有效支撑.     

不同干扰强度对沙质海岸带植物物种β多样性的影响

选择东山岛沙质海岸带4种不同干扰强度林分作为空间演替系列,采用样方法研究其β多样性的变化,结果表明：（1）不同干扰强度林分的植物组成和重要值差别较大,在天然次生林的乔木层和灌木层中,潺槁木姜子（Litsea glutinosa）均是第一优势种,重要值分别为98和137,群落结构稳定;择伐干扰群落中,潺槁木姜子变为乔木层第三优势种,重要值为33,灌木层中仍为第一优势种,重要值为128;皆伐干扰群落中其优势地位逐渐降低,乔木层已无潺槁木姜子的分布,群落结构简单、稳定性差;（2）β多样性（CJ、CS、βWS、βC、βR、CN、CMH）测度表明,随着干扰强度的增大,群落间物种更替速率由低到高呈现增大趋势,物种变化较大,共有种逐渐减少;研究结果支持了＂初始植物区系＂学说,为选择合适树种构建稳定高效的沿海防护林体系提供了基础资料。     

运用相图理论回收缩合废水中的氯化钠和氯化铵

研究了0℃,10℃,60℃时NaCl－NH4 Cl－H2 O三元水盐体系的固液相平衡关系,测出了NaCl和NH4 Cl在水中的溶解度数据,并绘制了相图。运用该三元相图理论,采用结晶法从缩合工段母液废水中回收NaCl和NH4 Cl。讨论了回收过程原理,介绍了回收工艺的操作步骤和工艺参数。回收的NaCl纯度达到95％,总回收率大于77％,NH4 Cl纯度达到92％以上,总回收率大于40％,产品分别达到HG／T 5462—2003,GB／T 2946—2008的标准。     

我国资源型城市的环境与经济可持续发展分析

为保证我国社会、经济、环境全面可持续发展,本文从分布广泛、数量种类繁多的资源型城市的概况,社会、经济、环境的现状和问题分析入手,针对其社会子系统、经济子系统和环境子系统在地区发展中面,J盏的困境和主要问题进行了分析;从系统科学的角度,就资源型城市的共性方面,针对社会、经济、环境三个子系统提出了可持续发展的宏观建议。这对我国的资源型城市和全国的可持续、协调、稳定发展具有一定的参考意义。     

Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin,nanofiltration and their sequential combination

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined. ● A treatment approach of resin adsorption followed by nanofiltration was developed. ● Both DOC and Br⁻ could be effectively removed by the sequential approach. ● DBPs, TOX, and cytotoxicity were significantly reduced by the sequential approach. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three types of anion exchange resins (AERs) and two types of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested for their control effects on DBP precursors, DBPs, and total organic halogen (TOX). The results showed that, for AER adsorption, the removal efficiencies of DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX increased with the increase of resin dose, and the strong basic macroporous anion exchange resin (M500MB) had the highest removal efficiencies. For NF, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at an operating pressure of 4 bar, and the membrane (NF90) with a smaller molecular weight cut-off, had a better control efficiency. However, AER adsorption was inefficient in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC); NF was inefficient in removing Br⁻ resulting in insufficient control of Br-DBPs. Accordingly, a sequential approach of AER (M500MB) adsorption followed by NF (NF90) was developed to enhance the control efficiency of DBPs. Compared with single AER adsorption and single NF, the sequential approach further increased the removal efficiencies of DOC by 19.4%–101.9%, coupled with the high Br⁻ removal efficiency of 92%, and thus improved the reduction of cyclic DBPs and TOX by 3.5%–4.9%, and 2.4%–8.4%, respectively; the sequential approach also reduced the cytotoxicity of the water sample by 66.4%.     

Distribution of perfluorinated alkyl substances in marine shellfish along the Chinese Bohai Sea coast

Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants, which pose a threat to human health primarily by dietary exposure, especially through seafood. Bohai Sea (a semi-closed sea located north of China) is an important shellfish aquaculture area that is possibly highly-polluted with PFASs. In this study, we first evaluated contamination by PFASs in a total of 230 samples of marine shellfish from the Bohai Sea. Samples included five important shellfish species, collected from important aquaculture spots distributed around the Bohai Sea. Samples were analyzed by an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, which could simultaneously detect 23 PFASs in shellfish. Our research verified that PFASs have become a threat to the safety of shellfish products in this area. Furthermore, contamination by PFASs in shellfish changed depending on the components of PFASs, the species of shellfish, and the sampling sites. Many of the 23 target compounds contributed to the high detection ratio (>50%) as follows: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)?>?perfluorononanoic acid?>?perfluorodecanesulfonic acid?>?perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Compared with other dominant components, PFOA not only had the highest detection percentage in shellfish samples (98.3%), but its detection level contributed to 87.2% of total PFASs concentrations, indicating that PFOA is the major threat to the safety of shellfish products. The highest level of PFAS was found in clams (62.5?ng?g^?1 wet weight of PFOA). The concentration of total PFAS in different shellfish species showed the following trend: clams?>?mussels?>?scallops?>?whelks?>?oysters. The maximum concentration of total PFAS or PFOA was found in Shouguang. The total concentration of PFOS and its precursor were highest in Cangzhou, possibly due to local industrial activities. The results presented in this paper provide new data on the contamination of marine shellfish along the Bohai Sea coasts in China, and constitute a reference for future monitoring of contamination by emerging contaminants in Bohai coast.     

溶解性有机质对土壤中汞吸附迁移及生物有效性影响的研究进展

汞是一种全球性的污染物,在环境中具有不可降解和生物累积的特性,可通过食物链进入人体,对人体健康产生危害.而溶解性有机质(DOM)作为陆地生态系统和水生生态系统中一种很活跃的重要化学组分,是环境中重要的天然有机配体和迁移载体.因此,DOM作为重金属的有机配体,是控制陆地和水环境中汞浓度的主要影响因素之一.综述了D0M对土...     

Influence of rhizosphere microbial ecophysiological parameters from different plant species on butachlor degradation in a riparian soil

Biogeochemical processes in riparian zones regulate contaminant movement to receiving waters and often mitigate the impact of upland sources of contaminants on water quality. However, little research has been reported on the microbial process and degradation potential of herbicide in a riparian soil. Field sampling and incubation experiments were conducted to investigate differences in microbial parameters and butachlor degradation in the riparian soil from four plant communities in Chongming Island, China. The results suggested that the rhizosphere soil had significantly higher total organic C and water-soluble organic C relative to the nonrhizosphere soil. Differences in rhizosphere microbial community size and physiological parameters among vegetation types were significant. The rhizosphere soil from the mixed community of Phragmites australis and Acorus calamus had the highest microbial biomass and biochemical activity, followed by A. calamus, P. australis and Zizania aquatica. Microbial ATP, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and basal soil respiration (BSR) in the rhizosphere of the mixed community of P. australis and A. calamus were 58, 72, and 62% higher, respectively, than in the pure P. australis community. Compared with the rhizosphere soil of the pure plant communities, the mixed community of P. australis and A. calamus displayed a significantly greater degradation rate of butachlor in the rhizosphere soil. Residual butachlor concentrations in rhizosphere soil of the mixed community of P. australis and A. calamus and were 48, 63, and 68% lower than three pure plant communities, respectively. Butachlor degradation rates were positively correlated to microbial ATP, DHA, and BSR, indicating that these microbial parameters may be useful in assessing butachlor degradation potential in the riparian soil.     

微波催化氧化修复技术处理有机氯污染土壤

采用微波催化氧化修复技术处理常州某农药厂有机氯农药污染场地和南通某化工厂有机氯污染场地土壤,考察不同参数条件下实验装置对污染土壤的处理效能。结果表明,在微波功率18kW、微波辐射时间20min、土壤处理量400kg/h、土壤含水率15%、活性炭添加量0.03kg/kg的最佳条件下,实验装置运行稳定,有机氯农药污染土壤中氯丹去除率可达70%左右;有机氯污染土壤中邻二氯苯、石油烃总量、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯酚去除率分别可达到99.98%、91.29%、98.52%、74.74%。研发的污染土壤微波催化氧化修复技术及实验装置对有机氯污染土壤的修复具有一定的普适性。