蟛蜞菊水提液对水华蓝藻——卵孢金孢藻的化感作用研究

为探究陆生植物对水华蓝藻的化感作用,本文采用不同浓度的蟛蜞菊(Wedelia chinensis)水提液对卵孢金孢藻(Chrysosporum ovalisporum)进行了为期6 d的室内培养试验,结果发现:蟛蜞菊水提液对卵孢金孢藻的化感作用总体上呈"低促高抑";当蟛蜞菊水提液浓度大于6 g·L~(-1)时,将显著降低卵孢金孢藻光合作用有效量子效率(YⅡ)、最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素a(Chla)含量和藻细胞生物量(P0.01);当浓度大于8 g·L~(-1)时,单位藻细胞内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),表明蓝藻细胞受到较强的胁迫作用;透射电镜观察结果表明:高浓度蟛蜞菊水提液会破坏细胞膜,导致藻细胞内的类囊体、羧基体、气囊等超微结构受损,并最终导致藻细胞溶解、藻丝断裂和死亡。此外,本文利用Logisitic模型研究了蟛蜞菊水提液对卵孢金孢藻的半效应浓度(EC50),其24 h、48 h、72 h和144 h的EC50分别为:3.78 g·L~(-1)、4.47 g·L~(-1)、4.72 g·L~(-1)和6.55 g·L~(-1)。本研究为中国湖泊蓝藻水华的防治增添了基础数据和新的技术思路。     

非均相Fenton催化剂深度处理维生素C废水的试验

为了探究非均相Fenton催化剂对实际废水的处理效果,以维生素C二级生化出水为研究对象,分别考察了针铁矿、磁铁矿和硫铁矿烧渣等含铁矿物质以及部分金属或金属氧化物的吸附性能和非均相Fenton技术的催化氧化性能.选取硫铁矿烧渣作为负载催化剂,融合CuO、Al2O3、TiO2、NiO、Cr2O3、Ag2O,利用高温微孔技术制备非均相Fenton催化剂,当H2O2、FeSO4投加量分别为6.87、4.29 mmol·L-1时,COD去除率能稳定达到70%左右.     

公路突发交通事件应急资源配置效率研究*

为合理有效配置公路突发事件下的应急资源,从资源投入与产出角度建立3级评价指标体系,在此基础上将应急资源投入与产出比作为目标函数,引入数据包络分析法构建应急资源配置效率模型,采用TOPSIS法对应急资源配置方案效率进行排序。以新疆10个公路局应急资源配置效率为例,分析其资源投入与产出的冗余度,并对有效决策单元进行排序。结果表明:该模型能获得应急资源配置冗余度,并对其进行资源配置效率分析,从而为公路局进行有效资源配置提供参考。     

Multifunctional metal-organic frameworks in oil spills and associated organic pollutant remediation

The release of toxic organic compounds into the environment in an event of oil spillage is a global menace due to the potential impacts on the ecosystem. Several approaches have been employed for oil spills clean-up, with adsorption technique proven to be more promising for the total reclamation of a polluted site. Of the several adsorbents so far reported, adsorbent-based porous materials have gained attention for the reduction/total removal of different compounds in environmental remediation applications. The superior potential of mesoporous materials based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) against conventional adsorbents is due to their intriguing and enhanced properties. Therefore, this review presents recent development in MOF composites; methods of preparation; and their practical applications towards remediating oil spill, organic pollutants, and toxic gases in different environmental media, as well as potential materials in the possible deployment in reclaiming the polluted Niger Delta due to unabated oil spillage and gas flaring.

     

The health hazards of potentially toxic metals in the daily diets of adults and children from a mining and smelting region (Hezhang County) in southwestern China

Toxic metals accumulated in the human body are predominantly absorbed by the digestive tract in non-occupationally exposed populations. In the current study, we collected plowed soil samples, and investigated the varied food compositions in a mining and smelting area in southwestern China, to measure the concentrations of ten potentially toxic metals—As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. We collected information on the daily intakes of these metals to assess the health risks associated with their exposure among children and adults. The urine concentrations of the metals were also measured to obtain data on the amounts present in the body. The results showed that the hazard indexes (HIs) of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Sr were all larger than 1, for both adults and children; the Zn and Cu values were comparatively higher in children. The intake of staple foods of the region posed the greatest health risk, while drinking water only posed risks clearly associated with As exposure. The urine samples of local residents contained larger amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, confirming the hazards in the health risk assessment. Obvious differences in the urine metal concentrations between men and women were confirmed. In conclusion, higher concentrations of metals in the surface soil and rain water were the predominant cause of elevated exposure through home-grown crops and produce to accumulate in local residents’ bodies.     

氧化还原电位对活性污泥合成聚3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸酯组分的影响

分析了低DO下,乙酸钠、丙酸钠或葡萄糖作碳源,不同氧化还原电位(ORP)对活性污泥合成聚3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸酯(PHBV)的组分和产量的影响.结果显示,ORP从-30mV(厌氧)增加到 100mV(好氧),PHBV共聚物的产量增加,PHBV共聚物中3-羟基戊酸(HV)单体的摩尔分数降低,细胞生长量和碳源利用量增加;乙酸钠作单一碳源,ORP为-30mV时,PHBV共聚物中HV摩尔分数达到21.0%,ORP为 30mV时,PHBV共聚物在细胞内的质量分数达到35.0%.因此,DO是影响活性污泥合成PHBV共聚物的产量以及PHBV共聚物中HV摩尔分数的重要影响因素.     

Modulation of the DNA repair system and ATR-p53 mediated apoptosis is relevant for tributyltininduced genotoxic effects in human hepatoma G2 cells

The toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been extensively documented in several types of cells, but the molecular mechanisms related to the genotoxic effects of TBT have still not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that exposure of human hepatoma G2 cells to 1-4 μmol/L TBT for 3 hr caused severe DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of key DNA damage sensor genes such as the replication factor C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were inhabited in a concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that TBT induced cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated pathway, which was most likely activated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad-3 related (ATR) protein kinase. The results also showed that cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 were involved in this process. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the DNA repair system might be more responsible for TBT-induced genotoxic effects in cells. Then the generated DNA damage induced by TBT initiated ATR-p53-mediated apoptosis.     

云南鹤庆西山岩溶地下水主要离子雨季和旱季对比及来源分析

鹤庆西山岩溶地下水是当地居民的主要生活用水来源,本文综合运用统计学分析方法对地下水主离子的雨季和旱季变化特征及其来源进行了研究。结果表明,研究区岩溶地下水主要补给来源为大气降水,TDS介于113.3~180.76mg/L属弱矿化度水,总硬度(Ca2++Mg2+)介于38~53 mg/L之间属于极软水。HCO-3和(Ca2++Mg2+)分别占主要阴阳离子的79.6%~95.5%和75%~94%,按照O.A.阿列金分类法研究区水质为HCO3-Ca·Mg型水。Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4及HCO-3均未出现季节性变化,Na+与NO-3为丰水期枯水期,K+出现异常为丰水期枯水期。参照我国及世界卫生组织饮用水标准,锰矿黑龙潭泉受人为活动的影响较大,不宜长期饮用;其他地区主要离子浓度不会对人体产生危害。     

Responses of butachlor degradation and microbial properties in a riparian soil to the cultivation of three different plants

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites australis, Zizania aquatica, and Acorus calamus. The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial degradation dynamics of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils among the three riparian plants. A. calamus displays a significantly higher degradation efficiency of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils, as compared with Z aquatica and P. australis. Half-life time of butachlor degradation in the rhizospheric soils of P. australis, Z aquatica, and A. calamus were 7.5, 9.8 and 5.4 days, respectively. Residual butachlor concentration in A. calamus rhizosphere soil was 35.2% and 21.7% lower than that in Z aquatica and P. australis rhizosphere soils, respectively, indicating that A. calamus showed a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of butachlor in rhizosphere soils than the other two riparian plant. In general, microbial biomass and biochemical activities in rhizosphere soils were depressed by butachlor addition, despite the riparian plant types. However, rhizospheric soil microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition significantly (P < 0.05) differed between riparian plant species. Compared to Z aquatica and P. australis, A. calamus showed significantly larger microbial number, higher enzyme activities and soil respiration rates in the rhizosphere soils. The results indicated that A. calamus have a better alleviative effect on inhibition of microbial growth due to butachlor addition and can be used as a suitable riparian plant for detoxifying and remediating butachlor contamination from agricultural nonpoint pollution.     

岩溶山地撂荒地演变研究—以郎溪槽谷区为例

中国山区面积广、坡耕地比重大,耕地撂荒不仅关系到山区农地的合理利用和可持续发展政策的制定,还对生态环境问题产生影响.因此,本文以2004年、2010年、2014年、2017年朗溪槽谷遥感影像等为数据源,通过景观格局指数、缓冲区分析及结合槽谷高程分析朗溪槽谷撂荒地分布格局、演变规律、驱动机制和撂荒效应.结果得出:耕地撂荒...