Influence of inclination angle on dust migration and settlement characteristics of excavation roadway

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The migration law of dust in the roadway is the basis of dust control, but most of the relevant studies are based on the horizontal roadway, ignoring...     

城镇分布对新安江水系及千岛湖营养盐浓度的影响

快速城镇化会加剧地表水体氮磷营养盐的富集,引起水体富营养化问题. 研究城镇分布对河流与湖库氮磷污染特征的影响,分析其污染热点与来源具有重要意义. 于2020年7月—2021年7月调查了新安江水系及千岛湖水体氮磷污染的时空变化特征,分析了水质与土地利用类型的关系,揭示了千岛湖水体氮磷污染的来源. 结果表明:①时间上,新安江水系氮磷浓度季节性变化差异明显. TN浓度表现为冬季枯水期〔(1.96±1.24) mg/L〕>主汛期〔(1.63±0.71) mg/L〕>春汛期〔(1.42±0.49) mg/L〕,TP浓度表现为主汛期〔(0.101±0.049) mg/L〕>冬季枯水期〔(0.067±0.068) mg/L〕>春汛期〔(0.06±0.033) mg/L〕,汛期氮、磷浓度分别是非汛期的1.6和2.4倍. ②空间上,城镇污染对水体营养盐浓度影响显著. 水体流经人口集中、城镇化程度高的屯溪区后,TN、TP、NH₄+-N浓度平均增幅分别为86.1%、77.7%和164.4%,干流水体受纳歙县城镇三大支流来水后,TN、TP浓度平均增幅分别为47.6%、70.3%. ③ Spearman相关分析结果表明,5 km缓冲区耕地和建筑用地面积占比与氮磷营养盐各形态浓度之间均存在显著正相关关系,其中建筑用地面积占比对NH₄+-N浓度影响较大(R=0.323,P<0.001),耕地面积占比对NO₃?-N影响相对较大(R=0.265,P<0.05). 研究显示,城镇面源污染是新安江水系氮磷污染的主要来源,降雨径流是水体磷富集的主要驱动力,枯水期城镇污染对水体氮浓度的影响较大,在千岛湖营养盐控制中应尤为关注上游城镇污染管控.      

Anaerobic biodegradation of trimethoprim with sulfate as an electron acceptor

Anaerobic biodegradation of trimethoprim (TMP) coupled with sulfate reduction. Demethylation of TMP is the first step in the acclimated microbial consortia. The potential degraders and fermenters were enriched in the acclimated consortia. Activated sludge and river sediment had similar core microbiomes. Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic frequently detected in various environments. Microorganisms are the main drivers of emerging antibiotic contaminant degradation in the environment. However, the feasibility and stability of the anaerobic biodegradation of TMP with sulfate as an electron acceptor remain poorly understood. Here, TMP-degrading microbial consortia were successfully enriched from municipal activated sludge (AS) and river sediment (RS) as the initial inoculums. The acclimated consortia were capable of transforming TMP through demethylation, and the hydroxyl-substituted demethylated product (4-desmethyl-TMP) was further degraded. The biodegradation of TMP followed a 3-parameter sigmoid kinetic model. The potential degraders (Acetobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Desulfobulbus, and unidentified Peptococcaceae) and fermenters (Lentimicrobium and Petrimonas) were significantly enriched in the acclimated consortia. The AS- and RS-acclimated TMP-degrading consortia had similar core microbiomes. The anaerobic biodegradation of TMP could be coupled with sulfate respiration, which gives new insights into the antibiotic fate in real environments and provides a new route for the bioremediation of antibiotic-contaminated environments.     

Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin,nanofiltration and their sequential combination

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined. ● A treatment approach of resin adsorption followed by nanofiltration was developed. ● Both DOC and Br⁻ could be effectively removed by the sequential approach. ● DBPs, TOX, and cytotoxicity were significantly reduced by the sequential approach. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three types of anion exchange resins (AERs) and two types of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested for their control effects on DBP precursors, DBPs, and total organic halogen (TOX). The results showed that, for AER adsorption, the removal efficiencies of DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX increased with the increase of resin dose, and the strong basic macroporous anion exchange resin (M500MB) had the highest removal efficiencies. For NF, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at an operating pressure of 4 bar, and the membrane (NF90) with a smaller molecular weight cut-off, had a better control efficiency. However, AER adsorption was inefficient in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC); NF was inefficient in removing Br⁻ resulting in insufficient control of Br-DBPs. Accordingly, a sequential approach of AER (M500MB) adsorption followed by NF (NF90) was developed to enhance the control efficiency of DBPs. Compared with single AER adsorption and single NF, the sequential approach further increased the removal efficiencies of DOC by 19.4%–101.9%, coupled with the high Br⁻ removal efficiency of 92%, and thus improved the reduction of cyclic DBPs and TOX by 3.5%–4.9%, and 2.4%–8.4%, respectively; the sequential approach also reduced the cytotoxicity of the water sample by 66.4%.     

方便面6种真菌毒素的监测分析

为监测并了解方便面中6种真菌毒素的污染状况,样品经乙腈甲酸水溶液提取,采用高液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测负离子模式进行检测,内标法定量,依据食品安全国家标准-食品中真菌毒素限量进行判断.6种真菌毒素在0.2—400μg·L~(-1)范围内有较好的线性关系(r0.99),回收率为87.6%—101.3%,相对标准偏差为1.1%—3.7%.玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素及脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇检出率分别为27.3%、51.5%及90.9%,超标率分别为3.0%、12.1%及3.0%,其余3种毒素均未检出.     

生物炭与炭基肥对大豆根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响

土壤微生物在农田土壤生态系统中发挥重要作用,然而秸秆生物炭与炭基肥处理对微生物群落的影响以及对农田生态环境的意义尚不清楚.以黄淮海平原豆-麦轮作为研究对象,采用荧光定量PCR和Illumina高通量测序技术比较不同施肥方式对土壤细菌和真菌群落的丰度、组成和多样性差异,探究秸秆还田、生物炭以及炭基肥添加对根际土壤微生物群...     

New insights into eutrophication management: Importance of temperature and water residence time

Eutrophication and harmful cyanobacterial blooms threaten water resources all over the world. There is a great controversy about controlling only phosphorus or controlling both nitrogen and phosphorus in the management of lake eutrophication. The primary argument against the dual nutrients control of eutrophication is that nitrogen fixation can compensate the nitrogen deficits. Thus, it is of great necessary to study the factors that can significantly affect the nitrogen fixation. Due to the dif...     

Influence of algal bloom degradation on nutrient release at the sediment–water interface in Lake Taihu, China

Algal bloom could drastically influence the nutrient cycling in lakes. To understand how the internal nutrient release responds to algal bloom decay, water and sediment columns were sampled at 22 sites from four distinct regions of China’s eutrophic Lake Taihu and incubated in the laboratory to examine the influence of massive algal bloom decay on nutrient release from sediment. The column experiment involved three treatments: (1) water and sediment (WS); (2) water and algal bloom (WA); and (3) water, sediment, and algal bloom (WSA). Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), and orthophosphate (PO ₄ ^3? -P) were recorded during incubation. The decay of algal material caused a more rapid decrease in DO than in the algae-free controls and led to significant increases in NH ₄ ⁺ -N and PO ₄ ^3? -P in the water. The presence of algae during the incubation had a regionally variable effect on sediment nutrient profiles. In the absence of decaying algae (treatment WS), sediment nutrient concentrations decreased during the incubation. In the presence of blooms (WSA), sediments from the river mouth released P to the overlying water, while sediments from other regions absorbed surplus P from the water. This experiment showed that large-scale algal decay will dramatically affect nutrient cycling at the sediment–water interface and would potentially transfer the function of sediment as “container” or “supplier” in Taihu, although oxygen exchange with atmosphere in lake water was stronger than in columns. The magnitude of the effect depends on the physical–chemical character of the sediments.     

基于STPA和模糊BN的装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险分析

为有效评估装配式建筑吊装施工中的安全风险状态,识别关键风险因素,运用系统理论过程分析方法(STPA)构建吊装施工过程中的控制反馈结构,识别导致危险的不安全控制行为,确定不安全控制行为的致因因素;基于风险因素间的关联关系构建贝叶斯网络(BN)模型,推理计算装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险状态概率,并结合反向诊断推理分析影响安全事故的风险因素;通过敏感性分析,识别装配式建筑吊装施工安全中的关键风险因素。结果表明：装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险处于低风险状态;起重机械超负荷运行、现场安全管理不到位和吊索吊具存在缺陷等因素是影响装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险的关键风险因素。     

天目湖流域沟塘湿地脱氮速率的时空差异

湿地是陆地生态系统重要的脱氮热点,其对削减流域面源氮负荷具有重要意义. 为探究水库流域沟渠、池塘等湿地的脱氮速率及其影响因素,分别于2021年春季(3月)与夏季(6月)采集了天目湖沙河水库流域内典型土地利用类型下沟塘湿地的原状泥-水柱,利用同位素示踪技术进行室内流动培养,测定了不同沟塘湿地的反硝化速率和厌氧氨氧化速率. 结果表明:①各沟塘湿地沉积物均具有较高的脱氮速率,春季脱氮速率范围为10.59~107.65 μmol/(m2·h),平均值为70.73 μmol/(m2·h),夏季脱氮速率范围为32.07~150.10 μmol/(m2·h),平均值为112.36 μmol/(m2·h),春季果园排水沟渠的脱氮速率最高,夏季茶园退水池塘的脱氮速率最高. ②春季和夏季不同沟塘湿地厌氧氨氧化作用对脱氮的贡献率(简称“厌氧氨氧化贡献率”)平均值分别为45.45%、36.26%,其中生活污水排放池塘和茶园退水池塘的厌氧氨氧化贡献率在夏季分别下降26.82%、14.98%,春季和夏季果园排水沟渠和入湖口河流湿地的厌氧氨氧化贡献率变化不大,平均值分别为21.17%、48.99%. ③统计分析表明,水体溶解性无机氮(DIN)浓度和沉积物有机碳含量与沉积物脱氮速率均呈显著相关,且高温与低溶解氧浓度条件下也有利于脱氮作用的进行. 研究显示,水库流域沟塘湿地具有较好的脱氮能力,通过有效调控管理能够大大增加流域氮的截留能力,对水库水质保障具有重要作用.