多环芳烃的污染及其生物修复

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境介质中普遍存在的难降解有机污染物，文中综述了目前国内外对PAHs的研究状况，重点阐述了它的来源分布、迁移转化、生物毒性、监测控制及其生物修复的研究进展等，从而为防治环境污染提供科学依据。     

GIS技术在化学事故应急指挥系统中的应用研究

以地理信息系统（简称GIS）的技术特点为基础,结合应急指挥系统中的功能需求,探讨化学事故应急指挥系统GIS平台能够实现的功能,以及为实现这些功能而构建的数据库的建设。将GIS技术应用在化学事故应急指挥系统中,能够迅速、直观地了解事故装置和设备情况,获得有关信息,进行事故模拟。对提高事故处理速度,缩短反应时间,减少事故损失具有重要意义。     

喷漆房循环水处理系统维护与管理

介绍了汽车涂装过程喷漆房典型的循环水处理系统,比较各种不同的油漆凝聚产品特性,总结了油漆凝聚产品的使用特点,也对循环水系统的维护,循环水的监测与管理过程中的细节等进行了阐述。在维护和管理过程中,首先需要选择合适的油漆凝聚产品,其次需要根据具体的情况正确地使用油漆凝聚产品,特别是要注意根据漆渣和循环水状态进行相应调整,及时完成喷漆房和循环系统的维护和清理工作。这样才能保证水的循环使用,实现喷房系统的正常运行。     

硫酸铵和尿素对废物焚烧过程中多种途径生成氯苯类的抑制作用

氯苯类(CBz)是废弃物焚烧等过程中产生二英的前驱物,也被认为是实现二英在线检测的良好指示物,同时五氯苯(PeCBz)和六氯苯(HxCBz)也是持久性有机污染物(POPs).但氯苯在废物焚烧过程中的排放和控制尚没有受到足够重视,为此开展了模拟焚烧过程中硫酸铵和尿素对3种氯苯合成途径的抑制作用研究,包括飞灰合成,1,2-二氯代苯(1,2-DiCBz)转化高氯代苯等过程.结果表明,硫酸铵和尿素对氯苯的3种合成途径均有抑制作用,如1%尿素与废物混合焚烧对四氯苯、五氯苯和六氯苯的抑制效率分别达到了66.8%、57.4%和50.4%.比较硫酸铵和尿素对3种过程的抑制作用,认为尿素对氯苯具有更稳定的抑制能力.     

考虑开挖扰动和基质吸力影响的基坑边坡安全性研究

在传统的边坡安全性分析中 ,人们都不考虑开挖扰动和基质吸力的影响。笔者通过试验 ,研究了开挖扰动对土体工程性质的影响 ,并且建立了考虑开挖扰动和基质吸力影响的基坑边坡安全性分析模型 ,还给出了计算实例。研究结果表明 ,开挖扰动和基质吸力对边坡安全系数有较大的影响。     

“十三五”期间中国生态环境质量变化特征

以国家生态环境监测网监测结果为基础,总结归纳了"十三五"时期中国生态环境质量变化特征和主要环境问题。结果表明:"十三五"期间,全国生态环境质量全面好转,2020年环境空气优良天数比例比"十二五"末期上升5.8个百分点;地表水总体水质由轻度污染转为良好,Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质断面比例上升17.4个百分点,劣V类断面比例下降9.0个百分点;酸雨污染程度减轻,海洋等环境要素质量稳中向好。但与此同时,后续改善难度加大,全国仍有40%地级及以上城市空气质量超标,4.8%的国土面积发生酸雨,辽河和海河流域仍是轻度污染,部分河流污染较重,地下水以IV类水质为主,农村饮用水源地和地表水水质均受到不同程度污染,近三分之一国土面积县域生态质量为较差和差。总体来看,当前生态环境质量与人民对美好生态环境的需求和美丽中国目标的实现还有较大差距。逐年上升的能源消费总量和不断增长的汽车保有量,增加了生态环境质量继续改善的压力。     

Photodegradation of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid under UV Irradiation

As a novel alternative to traditional perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS), hexafluoroproplyene oxide trimer acid(HFPO-TA) has been detected worldwide in surface water. Moreover, recent researches have demonstrated that HFPO-TA has stronger bioaccumulation potential and higher hepatotoxicity than PFOA. To treat these contaminants e.g. PFOA and PFOS, some photochemical techniques by adding exogenous substances had been report...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benthos of the northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf

Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were detected in benthos collected onboard the ‘Snow Dragon’ in the Northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf during the 6 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 2014). 18 PAHs for all biota samples ranged from 34.2 to 128.1 ng/g dry weight(dw), with the highest concentration observed in fish muscle( Boreogadus saida) samples close to St. Lawrence Island. The PAH composition pattern was dominated by the presence of lighter 3 r...     

A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing,China: mechanism analysis and control measures

A red water phenomenon occurred in several communities few days after the change of water source in Beijing, China in 2008. In this study, the origin of this problem, the mechanism of iron release and various control measures were investigated. The results indicated that a significant increase in sulphate concentration as a result of the new water source was the cause of the red water phenomenon. The mechanism of iron release was found that the high-concentration sulphate in the new water source disrupted the stable shell of scale on the inner pipe and led to the release of iron compounds. Experiments showed that the iron release rate in the new source water within pipe section was over 11-fold higher than that occurring within the local source water. The recovery of tap water quality lasted several months despite ameliora- tive measures being implemented, including adding phosphate, reducing the overall proportion of the new water source, elevating the pH and alkalinity, and utilizing free chlorine as a disinfectant instead of chloramine. Adding phosphate was more effective and more practical than the other measures. The iron release rate was decreased after the addition of 1.5 mg. L-1 orthophosphate- P, tripolyphosphate-P and hexametaphosphate-P by 68%, 83% and 87%, respectively. Elevating the pH and alkalinity also reduced the iron release rate by 50%. However, the iron release rate did not decreased after replacing chloramine by 0.5-0.8 mg. L-1 of free chlorine as disinfectant.     

三峡库区大气活性氮组成及干沉降通量

为了解三峡库区腹地大气中活性氮的组成及干沉降通量,于2015年每个季节选取代表性月份在万州城区采集了气体和颗粒物样品.利用离子色谱法测定氮素浓度,同时结合大叶阻力模型模拟计算的干沉降速率值,估算了不同形态氮素的干沉降通量.结果表明,HNO₃的干沉降速率值最大,年均值为0.39cm/s,约为其它氮素的3~8倍.NO₂和NH₃是大气活性氮的主要赋存形态,年均浓度值分别为（11.7±3.9）和（11.0±5.3）μg N/m³,两者之和约占总无机氮浓度的80%.万州城区总无机氮干沉降总量为8.5kg N/（hm²·a）,其中氧化态氮（NO₂、HNO₃、颗粒态NO₃^-）和还原态氮（NH₃、颗粒态NH₄⁺）干沉降通量分别为3.5,5.0kg N/（hm²·a）,占干沉降总量的41.4%和58.6%.因此,为有效控制三峡库区腹地的氮素污染,应重点关注NH₃的减排.