Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors：Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran（PCDD/F） emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008（614.1 g I-TEQ） and 49.7% in 2010（601.8 g I-TEQ） based on 2006（401.9 g I-TEQ）. According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect（contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006）, which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008（contributed 21.9%） and decreased the emissions in 2010（contributed-28.0%）. However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect（contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006） having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.     

小产权房问题研究

对当前我国存在的小产权房所涉及的法律问题进行了研究分析,从小产权的概念、产生的原因入手,主要论述了小产权房产生的现实原因及深层次的制度原因。小产权房产生的现实原因主要有：高房价的促使、政府监管的不到位、保障性住房的缺位。深层次的制度原因主要是我国农村集体土地使用权流转机制的缺失。因此,政府应通过调控抑制高房价,加强政府部门的监管力度,完善我国的保障性住房建设,以及在制度层面上对我国农村集体建设用地使用权流转制度进行变革。     

含酸性添加剂的细水雾洗消氨气的性能研究

为提高细水雾对氨气的洗消效率,研究了两种复合型酸性添加剂MZ—1和MZ-2对细水雾的物理化学性质及洗消性能的影响。采用三维激光多普勒测速计和自适应相位多普勒速度计系统（LDV／APV）测量了含有MZ添加剂的细水雾和纯细水雾的雾滴粒径及速度的变化。通过小尺度模拟实验比较了含添加剂的细水雾和纯细水雾洗消氨气的效能高低。对实验结果的分析表明洗消剂中各成分之间的物理化学耦合作用提高了细水雾的洗消效率：表面活性剂组分降低了溶液的表面张力,减小了雾滴粒径,增大了细水雾与氨气的接触面积,而酸性电解质组分则可以与氨气发生化学反应,增强洗消剂的化学洗消作用。     

Influence of organoboron cross-linker and reservoir characteristics on filtration and reservoir residual of guar gum fracturing fluid in low-permeability shale gas reservoirs

To effectively reduce the filtration rate of water-based fracturing fluid and promote the pressure holding effect of fracturing fluid in underground unconventional reservoirs, an efficient and clean organic-boron cross-linker was synthesized with boric acid and low alcohols. The results obtained that the synthesized organoboron cross-linker exhibits better fluid loss performance to water-based fracturing fluid than the commercially available cross-linker. This organoboron cross-linker allowed decreasing filtration coefficient more than 0.74?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 as a result of the network structure formed by the organoboron cross-linker and guar gum molecule. However, commercially available cross-linker exhibits a relatively large filtered mass of water more than 1.33?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 at the same condition. Meanwhile, the cross-linked guar gum fracturing fluid can significantly improve the fluid loss property with the increase of cross-linker content and pressure, and an increased fluid filtration gradually was revealed with increasing the reservoir temperature and current speed. Moreover, the damage of shale reservoir caused by the prepared boron cross-linker was only 11%, which was lower than 18% of the commercial boron cross-linker under the same conditions.

     

引江济太对太湖贡湖湾氧化亚氮通量的影响

选取引江济太工程中长江来水进入太湖第一站的贡湖湾为研究对象,基于2011年11月~2013年8月在贡湖湾的逐月野外调查,同时以湖心水域为参考,探讨引江济太对湖体N₂O通量的影响.结果表明,贡湖湾N₂O排放通量要显著高于湖心排放量,其N₂O通量均值分别为6.9,2.1μmol/（m²·d）,但在非引水期间2个湖区的N₂O通量无显著差异.贡湖湾和湖心N₂O通量呈现明显的季节变化,且均与水温呈显著负相关关系,但因受外源来水的影响,贡湖湾N₂O通量的温度依赖程度相对较低.另外,2个湖区的N₂O通量还与营养盐等因素有关.总体上,外源引水提高了贡湖湾N₂O排放通量,但考虑到湖泊N₂O通量受到内部和外部因子的综合协同影响,外源引水对湖泊N₂O通量的具体调控机理还需要进一步探讨.     

Pb（II）对好氧颗粒污泥系统的生物效应及其迁移转化机制

Pb（II）会随工业的应用而残留在各类水体中,对人类和水生态构成潜在风险.以好氧颗粒污泥（Aerobic Granular Sludge, AGS）为接种污泥,在序批式反应器中研究Pb（II）对AGS的生物毒性及其迁移转化特性,同时探讨AGS对Pb（II）的吸附行为与机制.结果表明,Pb（II）会破坏AGS的三维结构,致使污泥生物量下降和沉降性能恶化.同时促进微生物分泌胞外聚合物（Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS）,但由于污泥内部孔道堵塞使得微生物以EPS为碳源,且Pb（II）的持续毒性超过EPS保护阈值,最终导致EPS含量由对照组的（295.90±6.22） mg·g^-1 最低降至（217.23±7.35） mg·g^-1.在20 mg·L^-1 Pb（II）的长期暴露下,AGS同步硝化反硝化作用明显削弱,导致TN去除率由对照组的97.15%大幅下降至70.04%.高通量结果表明,Exiguobacterium和Candidatus_Competibacter菌属在高浓度Pb（II）的胁迫下成为优势菌属,而与脱氮相关的Pseudomonas菌群相对丰度锐减至6.87%.此外,当Pb（II）进水浓度为1 mg·L^-1时,AGS可对其实现99.15%的高效去除.整个过程的吸附动力学可以用准二级模型充分解释,且由多种扩散机制调控.使用Freundlich等温线模型可以较好地描述Pb（II）的吸附,Temkin模型也进一步证实化学吸附可在去除过程中起主导作用.结合扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪和红外光谱表征结果,确定AGS对Pb（II）的吸附机制是以表面络合和沉淀反应为关键途径,并伴有离子交换和静电吸附.     

石灰石颗粒固硫反应特性的模型研究

在热重分析的基础上，建立了石灰石 煅烧固硫反应过程的数学模型，并对影响固 效果的SO2浓度、反应温度及颗粒粒径等因素进行了研究。模型的计算结果和试验结果吻合较好，该量小于12％，对脱硫实践具有指导意义。