盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收异丙醇

用盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收片丙醇,考察了碳酸钾水溶液与该清洗废液的质量比对脱水率的影响,测定了异丙醇-水-碳酸钾体系存40℃时的液液相平衡数据,用Pitzer理论和NRTL方程对液液相平衡数据进行了理论计算。结果表明：当质量分数为60．00％的碳酸钾水溶液与该废液的质晕比为2．00时,脱水率高达90．00％;将有机相进行精馏可得到质量分数为99．50％的异丙醇;计算值与实测值接近,水相和有机相的绝对平均偏差分别为0．62％和0．46％。     

人工湿地处理污染河水的持续性运行研究

中国北方地区城市纳污河道内的污染河水具有水量、水质、水温季节性变化大的特点,这给人工湿地污染河水处理系统的持续性运行造成很大困难.通过1a多的连续性运行,对潜流人工湿地污染河水处理系统的可持续运行问题进行了系统研究,年平均水力负荷为15 cm/d.结果表明,季节变化对氨氮的去除效果影响很大,夏季氨氮去除效果良好,去除率达70%以上,而冬季水温降低到15℃以下时,氨氮去除率降低到30%以下,但季节变化对COD去除效果的影响较小.人工湿地在夏季雨季时期可以承受较大的短期洪水水力冲击负荷,在100 cm/d的负     

检测水中有机磷农药的酶传感器

采用丝网印刷技术制作厚膜型电极,通过交联法将乙酰胆碱酯酶固定在电极上,开发快速检测水中有机磷农药的酶传感器.采用循环伏安法对电极所做的检测结果表明电极彼此间的差异在10%以内,具有较好的一致性.通过在交联剂、酶和底物等方面优化传感器的工作参数,确定了戊二醛、酶和底物的浓度分别为0.2%、0.5 mg/mL和10 mmol/L时,传感器响应最好.在交联固定酶的情况下,根据酶活受到有机磷抑制的原理,采用时间-电流法对特丁硫磷和对硫磷进行了检测.结果表明:这2种有机磷的检测限都可以达到1 ng/mL,线性区间1～10 000ng/mL.在物理吸附固定酶的情况下,采用循环伏安法对特丁硫磷进行了检测.结果表明:采用循环伏安法检测的灵敏度比采用时间-电流法的灵敏度要高.     

Emission factors and particulate matter size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustions in rural Northern China

Coal consumption is one important contributor to energy production, and is regarded as one of the most important sources of air pollutants that have considerable impacts on human health and climate change. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion were studied in a typical stove. Emission factors (EFs) of 16 EPA priority PAHs from tested coals ranged from 6.25 ± 1.16 mg kg^?1 (anthracite) to 253 ± 170 mg kg^?1 (bituminous), with NAP and PHE dominated in gaseous and particulate phases, respectively. Size distributions of particulate phase PAHs from tested coals showed that they were mostly associated with particulate matter (PM) with size either between 0.7 and 2.1 μm or less than 0.4 μm (PM_0.4). In the latter category, not only were more PAHs present in PM_0.4, but also contained higher fractions of high molecular weight PAHs. Generally, there were more than 89% of total particulate phase PAHs associated with PM_2.5. Gas-particle partitioning of freshly emitted PAHs from residential coal combustions were thought to be mainly controlled by absorption rather than adsorption, which is similar to those from other sources. Besides, the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions was further investigated by using stepwise regression analysis, which indicated that almost 57 ± 10% of total variations in PAH EFs can be accounted for by moisture and volatile matter content of coal in residential combustion.     

采用Zn-Se/不锈钢阴极的超声-电解法处理罗丹明B废水

采用超声-电解法考察了Zn-Se/不锈钢阴极处理罗丹明B废水的效果及影响因素。正交实验优化结果表明:在电流密度为2.4A/dm2、废水初始pH为6、超声功率为160W、通气量为10L/h、m(Zn)∶m(Se)为1∶1.5的Zn-Se/不锈钢作阴极、Ti/TiO2和铁网为双阳极的条件下,超声-电解法处理罗丹明B废水120min,废水脱色率为98.97%,COD去除率为88.11%。     

新型材料淀粉微球对Cu2＋、Cr3＋和Pb2＋的吸附机理研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,在反相悬浮体系中合成N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球为载体,研究了新型吸附材料淀粉微球（cross-linked starch microsphere,CSMs）对Mn＋（Cu2＋、Cr3＋、Pb2＋）的静态吸附行为。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对微球及其吸附产物进行表征,分析讨论了3种金属原子结构,研究了吸附机理。结果表明：308K时,Cu2＋、Pb2＋和Cr3＋的饱和吸附量分别是2.43、0.30和0.27 mmol/g,CSMs对Cu2＋离子吸附能力最强,并且其通过物理吸附、配位吸附方式吸附Mn＋,并得出引起微球吸附能力大小可能与金属离子电荷、离子半径和外层电子排布的差异因素有关。     

Medium optimization for the production of anti-cyanobacterial substances by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 using response surface methodology

Bioremediation using isolated anti-cyanobacterial microorganism has been widely applied in harmful algal blooms (HABs) control. In order to improve the secretion of activated anti-cyanobacterial substances, and lower the cost, a sequential optimization of the culture medium based on statistical design was employed for enhancing the anti-cyanobacterial substances production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) removal by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 in the paper. Sucrose and KNO₃ were selected as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources based on the one-at-a-time strategy method, and sucrose, KNO₃ and initial pH were found as major factors that affected the anti-cyanobacterial ability of the isolated stain via the Plackett–Burman design. Based on the response surface and canonical analysis, the optimum condition of culture medium was obtained at 22.73 g l^-1 of sucrose, 0.96 g l^-1 of KNO₃, and initial pH 8.82, and the Chl a removal efficiency by strain HJC-D1 increased from 63?±?2 % to 78?±?2 % on the optimum conditions.     

高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝后硅钙渣用作水泥混合材

为了使高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝后所产生的硅钙渣被大量的用作水泥混合材,通过水泥强度、水化放热和干缩性实验研究了原状硅钙渣和脱碱硅钙渣对水泥强度和稳定性的影响。结果表明,当硅钙渣掺量达30%时,硅钙渣水泥强度仍可满足P·C 32.5水泥要求。且随硅钙渣掺入量的增加,水泥早期水化放热速率增加的同时水泥累计水化放热量和干缩率还会显著降低。与原状硅钙渣相比,在同等掺量的情况下,脱碱硅钙渣更有利于保持水泥强度,降低其水化热和改善干缩性。     

改性丝瓜络纤维对水体日落黄的吸附特性

采用化学改性的方法将丝瓜络制备为阴离子吸附剂,并将其用于水体日落黄(SY)染料的吸附,分别考察了吸附剂的用量、日落黄染料的初始浓度(C0)、p H值、温度(K)、时间(T)5个因素对吸附效果的影响。通过模拟吸附等温曲线、吸附动力学以及热力学方程并通过比表面积(BET)和红外光谱(FTIR)分析改性丝瓜络吸附染料前后和丝瓜络改性前后的变化情况以此探究其吸附机理。结果表明,p H对吸附效果影响不明显;最大吸附量随温度升高而增大,在298 K温度时最大吸附量达到137 mg/g,是未改性丝瓜络的9.78倍。Langmuir方程拟合吸附过程描述最好,吸附类别为化学吸附。吸附过程符合伪二级动力学,是一个自发和吸热的过程。改性丝瓜络可以有效去除水体中的日落黄染料。